Category Archives: Bulk Fiber Cables

The Campus Cabling System Solutions

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Introduction
With the spread of computer applications, along with the rapid development of network technology, the campus network has become an essential school information infrastructure. The implementation of the campus network, for schools to adapt to new developments and make fuller use of existing teaching resources for teching, management has provided a guarantee. Construction of intelligent building network as the physical basis. Using a variety of transmission media of the communication management device and the terminal connected. Its performance can affect the normal operation of the network and the length of life. Therefore, the design of a scientific and rational, optimized campus cabling system is to further play a variety of network equipment functions, the information and communication technologies to achieve the school a good development, improve the level of application management key.
The Campus Cabling System Overview
According to GB/T 50314 “Intelligent Building Design Standards” about the demarcation of ten categories of building regulations, school buildings, including ordinary full-time colleges and universities, high schools and senior vocational schools, junior and primary schools, nurseries and kindergartens school buildings, etc. Different levels of the school, its size, environment, personnel are different, so the campus cabling system requirements will be different.
The Campus Cabling System Features
In China, a full time ordinary institutions of higher learning, the campus area (not including campuses district), in general, nearly acres, some even a few acres. Distribution of number of buildings on campus and many species has a teaching building, comprehensive building, laboratory buildings, art building (including the campus theater, dance halls on campus, campus cultural centers), libraries, teachers’ apartments, student apartments, gymnasium, conference centers, schools’ hospitals, canteens and so on. Their application also includes teaching, testing, physical, network, accommodation, living, health care and other aspects. For colleges and universities this area, building scattered places different functions in the design of cabling, to be able to meet all of these different buildings, different application requirements, we need the entire cabling system to conduct a comprehensive in depth design considerations.

Figure 1: Campus network design

On campus cabling system, according to the classification of schools located in differnet, differnet mission, teaching different functions, as well as regional and other characteristics of different regions, each school has a different more or less cabling place. However, there are several points which can be used as colleges campus cabling system to explore the commonalities, but also can be used as a variety of colleges and universities can learn from campus cabling system solutions.
1. Campus Cabling diversity
a. Building diversity
We also mentioned earlier, in the campus, especially college a wide variety of buildings, each building its building types and architectural features may vary. Some twenty or thirty or more layers of tall buildings (such as the school’s main building, complex building, etc.), while others are one, two dwarf room (such as canteens, etc.); Some large bay, less information building (such as school gymnasium, etc.); While others are small spaces, intensive information construction (such as multimedia classrooms or computer training room, etc.). For such floor height varies, of various sizes, the number of different information points, we have to make different plans. For high rise buildings, for the convenience and savings trunk cable laying wires, equipment room locationi will need to be carefully considered, such as computer room location is set to the middle of the building. And you do not need low building special consideration. For information point-intensive construction, telecommunications room on each floor of its location also needs attention. Because if you set reasonable, we can save a lot of horizontal cable; What’s more, if too much information points in the same layer, also need to consider setting up multiple telecommunications rooms. For large bays place, not only to consider the distribution of information points, but also consider wheter there is the level of information points length over 90 meters, if there are more than 90 meters of the situation, we need to consider the use of fiber optic cable or increase between telecommunications solutions. Also, in some campus gymnasium, auditorium and other places, also need to consider whether to set CP boxes and other issues.
b. Application of diversity
In colleges and universities, the diversity of buildings, each building determines the variety of applications. Such as teachers’ apartments, student dormitories, school comprehensive building, administration building, a variety of different teaching building, laboratory building used for research, data storage and computing centers. Applications and their information needs are very different. So many applications need not buildings and places, they must be designed according to different requirements. Teachers apartments, student dormitories according to ordinary residential buildings can be cabling design; househole classroom or every student dormitory apartment, basically meet a data point, a voice can be. Comprehensive building, administration building can be carried out according to the way commercial office planning and design; In addition to meet the demand of each office’s basic data, voice, consider increasing the internal campus network information in a specific department, such as education private network information point requirements. A variety of conferentce rooms, reception and other areas, need to consider adding wireless AP points. Data storage and computing centers can be designed according to the data center, to meet a variety of information throughout the campus switching, aggregation and storage. The experimental and research laboratory building as an important place, which may have strong radiation, corrosive material existence, there may exist high temperature, humidity, shock and vibration environments, there may be the most dangerous biological virus. Therefore, their application and requirements may be much more than we usually say ten categories of construction areas, so for special programs. To take into account not only the electromagnetic interference, environmental impact, but also consider the potential life safety issues. Therefore, these sites suggest using the whole screen or fiber class industrial grade high flame retardant wiring products, such as using fire-retardant grade reach CMP / OFNP grade, industrial grade reaches IP67 cabling products.
2. High-speed transmission of information
High speed transmission of information for campus cabling system is already a pressing task. A variety of multimedia transmission, video transmission and other large flow of data communication more and more. For school on the high speed network transmission channel is essential. Including multimedia educational system, remote network education system, digital libraries, data centers and other places, is information is very concentrated, at least to ensure Gigabit to the desktop, Gigabit backbone. Under the condition of the budget allows, it is best able to do Gigabit to the desktop, 40G/100G as the backbone for future development needs. For classroom apartment or student residence, it should try to make Gigabit to the desktop requirements. Because who knows, in the next 5-10 years, or longer period of time, how fast development of the Internet? telematics what would happen to the great changes? Campus Network what will change? So in product planning, to do not only meet the existing information and communication needs, but also to do with a certain forward looking.
3. Stability and security of information
In the campus network, the reliability and security of information transmission is very important, because it not only directly related to the use of campus communications network, but also to the entire campus of internal and external education system problems. Which may affect the security of network communications to the national education system. Instability in the event of information or information leaks, not only caused the affected education, and may bring significant social problems. Such as school entrance examination system due to system instability problems, or important information or test data within the education sector was stolen during transmission and so on. So campus intranet for information requirement is in any case have to ensure that the information transmitted high reliability, high security. In the planning and design of the campus cabling must be to choose a good quality cabling products, but also in fiber optic cabling system to avoid interference or disclosure of information. Achieve stable performance, reliable transmission of information security.
The Campus Cabling System Considerations
1. Disaster preparedness
Disaster prevention, for any cabling system is need, and also is necessary. On campus cabling system, pay attention to disaster prevention and many, such as earthquakes, lightning, flood, fire, etc. Around the school to the actual situation may have different, but in the integrated wiring system, the following two disasters have a very important relationship.
a. Lightning Stroke
Campus cabling system is different from general cabling system is one of the local architecture is numerous, wide distribution. Each building and interconnection of information between, or the information architecture and data center interconnection, must pass a variety of outdoor communication cables, so the campus backbone cable corresponding increase, which gives the outdoor cabling lightning protection challenges. Because once a root trunk cable struck by lightning, and the grounding system in case of a problem or did not do, when hundreds of thousands of volts high voltage transient will pass along the cables between devices, resulting in equipment damage, data lost, resulting in significant losses. So into the line of good grounding system and surge protection is very important. Of course, if you want to achieve more secure, avoid outdoor cables in danger of being struck by lightning can also be used outdoors in all non-metallic reinforcing Outdoor Fiber Cable.
b. Fire Disaster
In addition to natural disasters, the current fire casualties and property loss is caused by the most serious disasters. On campus, most of the buildings are crowded places. In addition to selecting a variety of fire related materials and good fire prevention measures, cabling system cables fire retardant also has become essential. Because as the demand for information transmission, communications cable in the building has more than the number of number of strong electric cables trend, but the communication cable fire retardant has not been given due attention.
In addition, for campus cabling system, others, such as the computer room of the need to guard against seismic reinforcement, cables rat bite, etc., also need to pay attention.
2. Management 
For school cabling systems, too much applications, and wide distribution of information points, application and needs vary, which brought the system management and maintenance of a great test. The traditional label drawing and handwriting management, or use the computer for documentation and preservation of the way, for such a large cabling systems, it has become beyond their grasp. In particular, to achieve a change to the information point and preservation of records in a timely manner, it is very difficult. Therefore, within the scope of the budget allows, it is recommended universities such as large scale cabling system uses intelligent infrastructure management system to improve cabling system maintenance and management, and enhance network security.
3. Intelligent Building digitized

In campus intelligent cabling, in addition to our previously mentioned, but also includes the campus radio systems, fire alarm systems, electronic fence system, monitoring system, LED large screen display systems, etc. These systems are in the transition to digital. Because of a digital campus will be teaching, research, management, technical services, services life and campus information collection, processing, integration, storage, transmission and application, so that the use of digital resources are fully optimized. By implementing from the environment (including equipment, classrooms, etc.), resources (such as books, handouts, courseware, etc.) to the application (including teaching, learning, management, service, office, etc.) all digitized, in the traditional campus built on a digital space to improve the operating efficiency of the traditional campus, expanding the traditional campus business functions, and ultimately the overall educational process information, so as to improve the management level and efficiency. Therefore, the campus all variety of intelligent system based on transmission channel will also jumped to Gigabit, and even Gigabit network requirements. In the design and planning, and perhaps to consider the application of digitization. In which the product can be selected copper Cat6a Cable, cat 6a, cat 7 products, fiber optic cable in OM3 Cable and other fiber optic products. However, for fire alarm systems, campus broadcasting system, and its products should be chosen to meet the high flame retardant properties, if possible, it is best to choose a high fire retardant cables. Because it does not lead to a fire occurs due to the rapid combustion of the cable causes the system to malfunction.

Figure 2: 305m Bulk Cat6 550MHz Cable UTP

Conclusion
Campus cabling system though complex, but as long as we grasp the core features of cabling system, clear the standard cabling system the basic requirements, specifically the various buildings, the application of the various systems and functions. It is not difficult to design and planning. Even the school have dozens, hundreds buildings, even if there are many school of information and communication applications, the final analysis are inseparable from the basic principles of cabling. Therefore, cabling system in the school, in order to maximize long as we grasp little less to more of the principles from the point to the line, from a line to a plane unfold. You will find, and then a big projects, the final show in front of us or our common and often do a single type of building cabling system, just follow their individual needs and applications for planning and design, you can complete set of perfect school cabling system.

Fiber Optic Pigtail Technology Wiki

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As fiber cable network is built by drawing the long lines of physical cables, it is highly impossible to lay a continuous cable end-to-end. Then there comes the fiber pigtails, one of the cable assemblies, has a connector on one end and a length of exposed fiber on another end to melt together with fiber optic cable. By melting together the glass fiber cable, it can reach a minimum insertion loss.

Pigtails are terminated on one end with a connector, and typically the other side is spliced to OSP (Outside Plant Cable). They may be simplex: (single fiber), or multi-fiber up to 144 fibers. Pigtails do have male and female connectors in which male connectors will be used for direct plugging of an optical transceiver while the female connectors are mounted on a wall mount or patch panel. Fiber optical pigtails are usually used to realize the connection between patch panels in a Central Office or Head End and OSP cable. Often times they may also provide a connection to another splice point outside of the Head End or central office. The purpose of this is because various jacket materials may only be used a limited distance inside the building.

You may confused the purpose between fiber optic connector, fiber optic patch cord and fiber optic pigtail. Here we will figure it out.

Fiber optic connector is used for connecting fiber. Using one or two fiber optic connectors in one cable has two items with different assistance in fiber optical solutions.

Fiber optic patch cords(or called fiber jumpers) used as a connection from a patch panel to a network element. Fiber optic patch cords, thick protective layer, generally used in the connection between the optical transceiver and the terminal box.

Fiber Optic Pigtail called pigtail line, only one end of the connector, while the other end is a cable core decapitation. Welding and connecting to other fiber optic cable core, often appear in the fiber optic terminal box, used to connect fiber optic cable, etc.

Fiber optic cable can be terminated in a cross connect patch panel using both pigtail or field-installable connector fiber termination techniques. The pigtail approach requires that a splice be made and a splice tray be used in the patch panel. The pigtail approach provides the best quality connection and is usually the quickest.

Fiber pigtails are with premium grade connectors and with typical 0.9mm outer diameter cables. Simplex fiber pigtail and duplex fiber pigtails are available, with different cable color, cable diameter and jacket types optional. The most common is known as the fusion splice on pigtail, this is done easy in field with a multi-fiber trunk to break out the multi-fibers cable into its component for connection to the end equipment. And the 12 fiber or 6 fiber multi color pigtail are easy to install and provide a premium quality fiber optic connection. Fiber optic pigtails can be with various types of fiber optic terminations such as SC, FC, ST, LC, MU, MT-RJ, MTP, MPO, etc.

Pigtails offer low insertion loss and low back-reflection. They are especially designed for high count fiber optic fusion splicing. Pigtails are often bought in pairs to be connected to endpoints or other fiber runs with patch cables.

How To Use Magnifier Inspect Fiber Optic Connector

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We can use magnifier to check the fiber optic connector pin end, which quickly determined that the connector insertion loss is high or low, the need for re-grinding. With this method, you only need a few seconds, you can initially conclude that the connector meets the quality requirements. Than the use of instruments that measure the specific optical connector insertion loss value, and then determine wheter the quality meets the requirements, greatly reducing the time and improve efficiency.

Testing Equipment

Using fiber magnifier to check fiber optic connector pins end, we need at least the following equipment:

1. 200 times or 400 times of fiber optic magnifier(according to the type of fiber connector to check the selection of suitable fiber adapters);

2. Pure alcohole and lens paper (hairless soft paper);

3. Light source (we used here instead of incandescent bulbs);

Testing Steps

Check the following steps:

1. Remove the dust cap at the end of the connector to check;
2. Insert the connector in the magnifying glass of the adapter;
3. If you can not see the field of vision magnifier pin end, then adjust the position of magnifier adjustment knob until the pin end graphics all entered the field of vision;
4. Adjust the focal length of the magnifying glass to the right position, making the pin end graphics to clear;
5. Check the pin end, works well for grinding connector. Its face should be round, very smooth, the end of the fiber core is flush with the pin, and showed concentric ring shape; If there is dust (or defects), use lens paper (hairless soft paper) stick of pure alcohol wipe until the surface no dust (or you can see the clear flaws);
6. The other end of the connector to remove the dust cap, and make the end of the pins on the incandescent bulbs, we just checked in the connector end can see the light, otherwise the connector where a fiber optic cable has broken;
7. Repeat the above steps, check again, you will see a very bright core pin end view may find minor flaws;
8. Exchange ends of the connector, repeat the above steps to check the other end;
9. Mark the connector end of the existing problems with the tag, using appropriate methods, or grinding or re-assembled connector, and then repeat the steps above to be checked.

Analysis of test results

The use of a magnifier fiber optic connector for the inspection, we can see that a very good grinding effect fiber connector pin end face should have graphical features, it can have a variety of different types of defects that the end face of the connector graphical features. According to what we see different kinds of graphics, combined with our analysis, we can take the appropriate measures for improvement, in order to ensure the quality of the connector.

Recommended to use at least 200 times (preferably 400 times) of the optical magnifier to be checked. In order to check the accuracy, certainly with and without the use of incandescent bulbs in both cases with a magnifier to check connector end. In both cases the control of the end face of the pattern that can better determine whether defective.

For a good grinding effect connectors, we do not need any additional processing, instrumentatioin can be used directly for subsequent testing. If the connector is more obvious defects (based on experience needed to judge), its loss is likely higher, beyond the acceptable range of technical requipments, we can directly determine the quality problems. But for smaller connectors defective, the loss may be within the required range, then we need to use instrumentation to determine the actual test.

How to determine whether the effect of the connector polishing is “Good”?

If the connector pin end and core are round, smooth, while the fiber core is flush with the pin end, concentricity good, it is “good”, and without blemish.

If one connector looks “bad”, then the center or not circular, or is not smooth, or concentricity deviation is large, or the presence of other defects. For example, if the fiber has partially broken, then its will not be a full circle core.

The most serious situation is that we are under a magnifier to see the clear outline of the core of the phenomenon we call “fragmentation”. More than a brief introduction to how to determine a connector is a “good” or “bad”.

Benefits From LSZH Jacked Cables

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If protection of equipment or people is a design requirement, consider low-smoke zero-halogen (LSZH) jacketed cables. They emit fewer toxic fumes than standard PVC-based cable jackets. Typically, halogen free cables is used in confined spaces such as mining operations where ventilation is of concern.

What is the difference between LSZH cable and common cables?

The function and technique parameter of LSZH fiber optic cable is just like common fiber optic cables, and inner structure is also similar, the basic difference is the jackets. LSZH fiber optic jackets is more fire-resistant compared with common PVC jacketed cables, even when they are caught in fire, the burned LSZH cables provide low smoke and no halogen substances, this feature is not only environment protective but the low smoke when it got burned is also important to people and facilities in the fired place.

LSZH jacket is made up of some very special materials which are non-halogenated and flame retardant. LSZH cable jacketing is composed of thermoplastic or thermoset compounds that emit limited smoke and no halogen when exposed to high sources of heat. LSZH cable reduces the amount of harmful toxic and corrosive gas emitted during combustion. This type of material is typically used in poorly ventilated areas such as aircraft or rail cars. LSZH jackets are also safer than Plenum-rated cable jackets which have low flammability but still release toxic and caustic fumes when they are burned.

Low smoke zero halogen is becoming very popular and, in some cases, a requirement where the protection of people and equipment from toxic and corrosive gas is critical. This type of cable is ever involved in a fire very little smoke is produced making this cable an excellent choice for confined places such as ships, submarines, aircraft, high-end server rooms and network centers.

Every coin has two sides. Since LSZH cables have so many benefits listed above, what are the Cons of the cable?

1. LSZH is more susceptible to jacket cracking. Special lubricants have been made to minimize damage during installation.

2. LSZH jacket has a high filler content, around 50% to provide the required flame and smoke performance. This results in a lower mechanical, chemical resistance, water absorption and electrical properties then non LSZH compounds.

3. The current generation of LSZH cables has not yet established a proven history of long time performance.

The LSZH cables are available with 1, 2, 12, 24 fibers, and variable sub-cable dimensions that support specific termination and routing requirements. They are suitable for halogen free and many international installations. LSZH cable contains no flooding gel and is OFNR Riser rated, is perfect for installation in conduits between buildings and run directly thru risers to a convenient network or dome fiber optic splice closure without a separate point of splice at building entrance.

There are also LSZH fiber optic patch cords available. Both LSZH fiber optic cables and LSZH fiber optic patch cords are required for the Rosh compliant cable assemblies, but Rosh standard is more strict besides it require the cables to be LSZH type. LSZH fiber optic patch cords are used widely used in the places where expensive equipment would be damaged if exposed to corrosive gases, and they are also used in crowded areas like commercial centers and sports centers.

Several Common Types Of Fiber Optic Cables And Patch Cables

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1.FTTH Drop Cable

FTTH (Fiber To The Home), as its name suggests it is a fiber optic directly to the home. Specifically, FTTH refers to the optical network unit (ONU) mounted on home users or business users, is the optical access network application type of closest to users in optical access series except FTTD(fiber to the desktop).

There are 5 main advantages of FTTH:
First, it is a passive network, from the end to the user, the intermediate can be basically passive;
Second, the bandwidth is relatively wide, long distance fits the massive use of operators;
Third, because it is carried business in the fiber, and there is no problem;
Fourth, because of its relatively wide bandwidth, supported protocol is more flexible;
Fifth, with the development of technology, including point-to-point, 1.25G and FTTH have established relatively perfect function.

2. Indoor Fiber Optic Cable

Indoor optical cable is classified according to the using environment, as opposed to outdoor fiber optic cable.

Indoor optical cable is a cable composed of fiber optic (optical transmission medium) after a certain process. Mainly by the optical fiber (glass fiber is as thin as hair),plastic protective tube and plastic sheath. There is no gold, silver, copper and aluminum and other metal, fiber optic cable generally has no recycling value.

Indoor fiber optic cable is a certain amount of fiber optic forming to cable core according to a certain way, outsourcing jacket, and some also coated layer of protection, to achieve a communication line of light signal transmission.

Indoor cable is small tensile strength, poor protective layer, but also more convenient and cheaper. Indoor cable mainly used in building wiring, and connections between network devices.

3. Outdoor Fiber Optic Cable

Outdoor fiber optic cable, used for outdoor environment, the opposite of indoor optical fiber cable.

Outdoor cable is a type of communication line to achieve light signal transmission, is composed of a certain amount of fiber optic forming to cable core according to a certain way, outsourcing jacket, and some also coated with outer protective layer.

Outdoor cable is mainly consists of optical fiber (glass fiber is as thin as hair), plastic protection tube and plastic sheath. There is no gold, silver, copper and aluminum and other metal cable, generally no recycling value.

Outdoor cable is greater tensile strength, thick protective layer, and usually armored(wrapped in metal). Outdoor cables are mainly applied to buildings, and remote networks interconnection.

4.Fiber Optic Patch Cable

Fiber optic patch cable, also known as fiber jumper, used to connect from the device to fiber optic cabling link. Fiber jumper has a thick protective layer, generally used in the connection between the fiber converter and Fiber Termination Box. Commonly used fiber jumpers include: ST, LC, FC and SC.

Main Categories
Single-mode fiber patch cable: General single-mode fiber jumper is colored in yellow, connector and protective sleeve are blue; long transmission distance.

Multi-mode fiber patch cable: General multimode fiber jumper is colored in orange and some in gray, connector and protective sleeve are beige or black and the transmission distance is short.

Fiber optic jumper connector interpretation:
SC Connector: square fiber optical connector;
FC Connector: round with thread;
ST Connector: similar to BNC;
LC Connector: transceiver separation structure;
MT-RJ Connector: square, one with double fiber;
PC Connector: direct contact;
APC Connector:8 degree tilt angle of contact surface;
UPC Connector: arc contact surface.

How To Get the Best Broadband Service

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The best broadband service is by these factors are most important to you. If the money is not the problem, the best plan is likely to be the fastest. If money is the primary concern, the best broadband might be the least expensive service. If it’s convenient, defined the best may be simple, call your cable TV company; or perhaps customer service is your number one concern, making your choice of the Internet Service Provider (ISP) the most important factor in choosing the best broadband provider. It’s likely that it will be a combination of these factors taken in different degrees that will define the best broadband for you, so let’s take them one at a time.

Fastest: If you have a need for speed and your wallet is willing to look the other way, watch out for fiber optic broadband. While only available in select areas, fiber optical cable is replacing copper telephone lines and can pack a whollop when it comes to bandwidth. This cable can deliver television, digital phone and Internet with plenty of room to spare. As of February 2009, a vendor offer speeds of up to 50 Mbps (megabits per second) of about $140 US Dollars (USD) per month. If your wallet just look back your way, consider bottom tier plans of 10 Mbps for about $45 USD per month.

Cable TV broadband will be the next best choice, if you need speed. Cable can handle the transfer rate of up to 30Mbps, though most cable plans to place limit bandwidth to accommodate more customers at reduced 3 Mbps. High local load, (many local residents surfing at once), can also slow service if allotted bandwidth runs short.

A top DSL program can wet your whistle of 6 Mbps speed, but be sure to ask if you live in the local DSL router or digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM). Your physical address to the DSLAM, nearly the speed of the closer you will be the top boundary of the plan.

Cheapest: DSL plans have introductory speeds at affordable prices, making this your best broadband choice when budget is the main concern. DSL providers offer plans with speeds up to 768 kilobits per second (kbps) for about $14 USD per month in most areas. Dial-up operates at less than 54 kbps, making even the slowest DSL plan many times faster for your cruising pleasure.

Easiest: If you don’t have time to shop for a provider and you want to surf the Internet and the investment with the least loss of time, please contact your local cable TV provider. They will provide Internet access to your cable line directly or by subscribing you to a third party, to provide broadband service for them.

Many people think that the Internet cable is the best choice, because it is faster than DSL broadband, despite some cross over in speed and plans. Cable can theoretically accommodate up to 30

Mbps, but is usually capped by the provider at speeds between 3-20 Mbps. Cable Internet costs about $45 USD per month or more.

Best Customer Service: It may be, you are a new broadband, can comfort you through the process you want to know, if you need, no headaches long telephone tips and automatic menu, slowly let you are confused about what to do. In many cases, a local or smaller DSL company will provide superior customer service to large, national group, telecom or cable company.

Search listings of DSL providers in your area, then to contact potential suppliers by calling the customer service number listed on the website the ISPs. You should not be more than one menu to navigate to a real person, waiting for should be reasonable for the time of day. Asked on behalf of the company’s customer service, and then with a little research online, and see how they are current clients.

Websites like DSL report has a wealth of information providers isp and interest rates according to the feedback. Note, however, the satisfactory companies rarely leave feedback and disgruntled customers tend to be more motivation. No company can please everyone, but you should get an idea, along with your phone, which companies might be the best broadband provider for you.

Regardless of priority, if you use the USENET Newsgroups, ensure that provides of news feed or you will be forced to get a third party service. The number of email addresses afforded might also be important if you’ll be sharing the plan with family members. Provide your own modem can also save a small monthly fee, if you are comfortable configuration DSL or cable modem to connect to the service.

What Is The Low Smoke Zero Halogen Cable?

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From FiberStore,we will answer to you what is the Low Smoke Zero Halogen Cable. Low Smoke Zero Halogen(LSZH) cable is free of halogen (F, Cl, Br, I, At), lead-free environmental substances such as cadmium, chromium and mercury in the plastic material made ??of combustion does not emit toxic smoke (such as: hydrogen halide,carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc.) environmentally friendly cable. LSZH cable jacketing is composed of thermoplastic or thermoset compounds that emit limited smoke and no halogen when exposed to high sources of heat.Less toxic and slower to ignite, they are a good choice for many internal installations. This cable may be run through risers directly to a convenient network or splicing closet for interconnection.

Why the halogen is dangerous?

When products containing halogens are burned, they produce very dangerous gasses. Public awareness of these dangers began after several tragic fires claimed the lives of victims who inhaled deadly halogenated fumes.Many organizations, local authorities and governments have undertaken broad initiatives to eliminate the production of halogenated material. In Asia, the United Kingdom and many European communities, the use of wire and cable containing halogens is highly regulated, and in some areas completely prohibited.

Halogenated compounds are normally very stable. When they burn, however, the halogens separate and become highly reactive, forming very toxic, extremely dangerous and corrosive gasses that can significantly damage organic, inorganic and metallic materials. The hydrogen chlorine gas produced from burning PVC, for example, is similar to mustard gas.

Fires involving the combustion of halogenated materials can be devastating. Inhalation of dangerous fumes can cause serious harm or even death to humans. Acid rain and fumes can quickly destroy expensive industrial and computer equipment.

Why use halogen free cable?

Low smoke and halogen free cabling is becoming increasingly necessary to protect against the risk of toxic gas emissions during a fire. Standard RG cables contain halogen insulation. Halogen insulation was first used because it helps prevent cables from fire, but if it does ignite, the resulting fumes are highly toxic and a major risk, both to human life and to circuitry in place: critical, for example, in an aircraft.

Halogen free cables are engineered and designed so that emissions during a fire offer low toxicity and low smoke. This type of cabling is increasingly of relevance in public sector housing and major new developments. It could be increasingly worthwhile and of interest when it comes to elderly housing too, where items such as disabled stair lifts are in use and the risk of additional complications as a result of fire significant.

Halogen free or zero halogen cabling is used in many areas of the cable and wiring industry, including aircraft, rail and construction. Used to protect wiring, it is proven to limit the amount of toxic gas emitted when it comes into contact with heat.

For more fiber optic cable information,please visit fs.com or contact us.

New Fiber Optic Cable – The Advantages Of The Hollow Fiber Cable

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Along with the continuous development of optical fiber communication, optical cable also in constant development. Fibre is a communication cable, composed by two or more glass fiber cable or plastic optical fiber core within the cladding of the fiber core is located in the protective outer sleeve, plastic PVC covering. Along the internal optical fiber signal transmission is generally used infrared.Fiber optic cables are usually made of glass or plastic but those materials actually slow down the transmission of light ever so slightly.

New Type Optical Fiber Cable:

Recently, researchers at the university of Southampton, UK, have created a kind of hollow optical fiber cable. This kind of equipment in the middle is hollow, only by filling up the air, but its transport rate is 1000 times faster than the other fiber optic cable. Researchers revealed that light in the air velocity is about 99.7% of its speed in a vacuum.

The idea was not be put forward recently, but in the past when encountered in the process of light transmission in the corner, the signal will always diminish. The researchers optimized the design, making the new type of hollow optical fiber cable data loss is 3.5 dB/km, such an ideal level. In this way, making it suitable for use in supercomputer and data center applications.

Hollow fiber optic cable(indoor/outdoor fiber optic cable) can go through air rather than light, therefore in many areas it has much more advantages than the traditional optical fiber and will eventually replace the traditional optical fiber.

Using hollow optic fiber cable, rather than the traditional high purity silica doped fiber core, its advantage are optical fiber performance is not restricted by material characteristics of the fiber core. Traditional optical damage threshold, the parameters such as attenuation and group velocity dispersion and nonlinear effects are affected by the silicon materials and other corresponding parameters. Through reasonable design, hollow fiber can achieve more than 99% of the light in the air instead of in the glass, thus greatly reduce the material properties of optical fiber properties. So in many important areas, hollow fiber optic cable transceiver have more advantages than the traditional optical fiber.

Theoretically, this kind of fiber optic cable no fiber core, reduced the loss, to increase the communication distance, preventing the dispersion caused by the interference phenomenon, can support more wavelengths, and allows the stronger light power injection, estimate its communications capacity can reach 1000 times of the cable at present.

Promote hollow optic fiber cable of the ongoing research, with the extensive application of optical fiber and cable, the fiber optic cable has been unable to meet the needs of the people, therefore, need to continue to study new fiber optic cable in order to adapt to the needs of people.Researchers at the University of Southampton in the UK have created a hollow fiber-optic cable.From FiberStore,we supply many different types of fiber optic cables, and customers have the flexibility to choose a cable plant to best fit their needs.If you need some cables,welcome to Fiberstore to find it.

How To Improve The Reliable And Stable Operation Of The Optical Fiber Cable

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The fiber optical cable is a certain amount of fiber cable core, according to certain outsourcing jacket, and some coated outer sheath to achieve a communication line of the optical signal transmission. The fiber optic cable is today’s information society various information network transfer tool. If the “Internet” is referred to as the “information superhighway”, then the fiber optic cable network is the cornerstone of the information highway – cable network is the physical routing of the Internet. Once a cable destruction and blocking, the direction of the “information superhighway” is destroyed. Through the optical transmission of information, in addition to the usual telephone, telex, fax outside, a large number of transmission moment of television signals, bank transfer, the stock market can not be interrupted. , Cable plays an important role in today’s information society, once the cable is damaged, easy to make the communication to transmit information is not working properly, affecting work and life.

So, in today’s information society, how to improve the reliable and stable operation of the ordinary optical fiber cable is an important topic that we can not ignore.

The first point, the path of scientific and rational choice. Ordinary Aerial Cable is running the main members of the power of optical networking. To make the cable safe and stable operation, we must first choose a suitable path after construction but also maintenance personnel regularly check and maintenance in order to ensure the stable operation of the fiber optic cable in the future. The path of the fiber optic cable along the highway should try to choose, Village Road side toward the outside but also consider other environmental factors.

The second point, the loss of the fiber optic cable and its solutions. The stability and reliability of the optical fiber and transmission loss characteristics is to determine one of the most important factor of the optical fiber transmission distance optical fiber transmission loss causes are many, in the construction and maintenance of optical fiber communication network, the most noteworthy is the fiber transmission loss caused and how to reduce these losses. Transmission loss is mainly caused in the use of fiber splice loss (inherent in the fiber splicing losses and activities splice loss) and non-splice loss (caused by the loss of bending loss and other construction factors and application environment) categories.

Cable design and planning, rational distribution, construction experience needs to continue to explore and accumulate further improve the fiber optic cable construction program. Eliminating defects by means of fiber-optic cables run, constantly sum up the problems found in the running, can improve the quality of optical transmission, to extend the service life of the fiber optic cable, to adapt to the needs of the system communications and development and construction.From FiberStore,we provide some types of bulk fiber optic cable,including Indoor Cables, Outdoor Cables, FTTH Cables, Armored Cables, LSZH Cables and some special cables. They are various at Aerial Cables, Building Cables, Direct buried cables, Duct Cables, Underwater/Submarine Cable. If you have any questions with fiber optic cable,welcome to contact us Sales@fs.com .