The Application of 10G PON Technology

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With the major carriers “Broadband speed”, “Light of Copper” project extensively, The future will be a multimedia broadband services, video on demand, interactive games as the main feature, high-bandwidth, integrated operators will be judged promoted by the merits of the standard broadband products.
Under the broadband Fiber Optic Network in the trend, PON technology has become the world’s attention to various telecom operators hot technology is one of the operators to implement “broadband speed”, “Light of Copper” engineering technology base. Wheter EPON, or GPON, which provides only for the uplink and downlink bandwidth of 1G or 2G, but with the current interactive network TV (IPTV), high definition television (HDTV), online games, video services and other large flow, a large broadband business development and popularization of the per-user bandwidth demand is expected to grow every three years, a trend of increasing magnitude, from the future operator of long-term trends, per-user bandwidth demand will be 50-100 Mbit/s between. This way, EPON and GPON are unable to meet the future needs of the development of broadband services, the existing PON port bandwidth, there will be a bottleneck. Therefore, ITU-T, FSAN, IEEE and other major standards organizations begin the next generation of PON technology research.
Similar to 1G PON Technology, 10G PON and 10G EPON technology is still divided into two camps 10G GPON. In IEEE 802.3av 10G EPON standards, maximizing follows the usual IEEE 802.3ah content, with good upward compatibility.
>> 10G PON technical analysis
Recalling the history of PON technology can be found in each of the PON technology from birth to the end of the day have to go through large-scale commercial development of technical standards, the relevant chip and optical module development, test and production, the creation of experimental and commercial bureau 4 stages of deployment, which lasted five years or so, each one of which will go through several stages of development of the argument.
* Standardization Advances
Standards are mature is the precondition of judging whether a technology have lead to condition. At this stage, including IEEE, ITU-T, FSAN and number of ongoing international standardization organizations 10G EPON and 10G GPON standards development work of two technologies. Overall, the 10G EPON technology start time earlier than 10G GPON, therefore, the current standardization process of 10G EPON slightly faster than 10G GPON.
a. 10G EPON
Technologies with 1G EPON, 10G EPON standards are mainly led by the IEEE to complete. IEEE organization at September 12, 2009 released the 10G EPON international standards 802.3av, this standard focuses on the physical layer 10G EPON technology research, followed the tradition of 1G EPON MPCP protocol, the 1G EPON downlink bandwidth increases to 10G at the same time, to ensure that the operator of the original investment is not compromised and 10G EPON smooth upgrade, IEEE 802.3av standard defines and 1G EPON ONU coexist in the same ODN network of 10G EPON ONU standard parameters.
Further, in IEEE 802.3av standard, the physical layer defines two parameters: one asymmetric model, which 10G rate downlink and 1G rate uplink; other is symmetrical pattern, i.e. uplink rate and downlink rate are both 10G. Asymmetric mode can be considered as a transitional form symmetrical patterns, in the early less demand for upstream bandwidth and cost sensitive applications, you can use an asymmetric form. With the development of business and technology progress, will be gradually transition to a symmetrical mode.
b. 10G GPON
According to ITU-T Study plans, NGPON will experience two standard phases: the first phase is the coexistence with GPON, GPON ODN heavy use of XG-PON, which in turn contains the uplink and downlink phase XG-PON1 asymmetric and symmetric XG-PON2 two kind of model; Second stage is completely new ODN’s NGA2. High concern Wavelength Division Multiplexing – Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) technology areas belong to the second stage, it was adopted in a fiber access network using multiple wavelengths to achieve the expansion, but the burst mode CWDM, colorless ONU transceivers, tunable WDM devices and some difficult technology can not break, WDM-PON is still at the proof stage.
In the end of September 2009 meeting of the ITU-T SG 15 plenary session, Q2 Working Group officially launched the NG-PON standard text in the first stage, that overall demand for next-generation PON systems (G.987.1) and Physical Layer Specifications (G.987.2), and also developed in mid-2010, publishing transmission convergence layer (G.987.3) and management control interface (G.988) standards program.
* Technical Parameters
Wheter IEEE 802.3av, or ITU-T G.987 protocol suite, all relevant technical parameters for 10G PON physical layer index, optical power budget to make a detailed definition. However, due to the two major standards organizations considered the starting point, the technical indicators are also some differences.
a. 10G EPON
There are four key points of 10G EPON technology:
1. Defines six 10G EPON optical power budget, in view of the asymmetric mode PRX10, PRX20 and PRX30 as well as for symmetric mode PR10, PR20 and PR30, these six kinds of optical power budget model is basically to meet the construction needs of the service provider network;
2. 10G EPON technology in achieving the 1G EPON conventional multi-point control protocol layer (MPCP) based on the forward compatibility, also extended the original message type, for reporting optical terminal equipment (OLT), ONU Optical Transceiver switch time to meet the 10G EPON system requirements;
3. 10G EPON uses (255, 223) Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding method, the encoded with FEC coding for the same strain of 1G EPON, but its strong support 10G EPON coding gain can lower the sensitivity of the optical receiver;
4. 10G EPON uplink and downlink wavelength for the re-planning, downlink using 1268-1280nm wavelength, then reuse the original uplink of 1G EPON 1575-1580 nm wavelength, the wavelength in order to avoid conflicts, 10G EPON uplink only use time division multiple access (TDMA) manner.
b. 10G GPON
Has been released G.987.1 standard that defines 10G GPON system’s overall technical requirements and system architecture, clearly put forward the 10G GPON system to ensure good QoS, based on the traditional telecom services to fully support all emerging businesses and the same time, also provides dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm, energy saving, authentication and encryption related content to inherit the original 1G GPON technology; The G.987.2 is the focus of standardized 10G GPON physical layer parameters, including downlink rate, ODN power budget, splitting ratio, up and down the line wavelength range and line coding, etc., although down the line of 10G EPON same wavelength range and 10G EPON, GPON but due to the wavelength with 1G is not conflict, therefore, 10G GPON uplink and downlink are used wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) manner.
* Industrial chain development
A complete industrial chain, including chip PON, optical modules and equipment three links. If to analysis PON industry chain, it need to start from the three links, analysis of every link current development status and future development trend.
Overall, 10G EPON and 10G GPON is currently not reach the requirements of large-scale commercial applications, although some equipment manufacturers have recently introduced a 10G EPON or 10G GPON products, and with operators, the creation of some experimental inning, but still in the laboratory testing phase, is still some distance away from the large-scale commercial.
>> Conclusion

10G PON technology to meet future access networks, “large-capacity, fewer offices,” the direction of development, while improving access speed, supports larger branching ratio, covering more users. Therefore, 10G PON technology will become the future telecom operators to achieve “broadband speed”, “Light of Copper” and other broadband network construction hot technology for sustainable development.

110 Punch Down Block Wiring System

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Punch down block, also referred to as a cross-connect block, terminating block, or a connecting block, is a device that connects one group of wires to another group of wires through a system of metal pegs that the wires are attached to, often used in telecommunications closets that support LAN(Local Area Network). Punch down blocks are the predecessors to patch panels and were commonly used to support low-bandwidth Ethernet and token-ring networks.

There are two styles of punch down blocks available for telephony, the 66 block and the 110 block, these blocks are used to connect station cabling to the trunk cabling that goes from an IDF to the MDF.

110 Punch Down Block

A 110 blocks is a updated version of punch down block, is the core part of the connection management system, used to connect wiring for telephone systems, data network wiring, and other low-voltage wiring applications. 110 type wiring block is flame retardant, injection-molded plastic to do the basic devices and the termination cabling system is connecting on it.

The 110 block is designed for 22 through 26 gauge solid wire. This is the termination used on Cat 5e Patch Panels, cat 6 patch panel and RJ-45 jacks. They are also formed into block type terminations the size of small 66 blocks. The 110 block is designed for 500 MHz (1 gb/s) or greater bandwidth. 110 blocks are acceptable for use with AES/EBU digital audio at sample rates greater than 268 KHz as well as gigabit networks and analog audio.

The specifications of 110 Connecting Blocks are as follows: 25 pairs 110 type wiring block, 50 pairs 110 type wiring block, 110 pairs 110 type wiring block, 300 pairs 110 type wiring block. The distribution frame package of 110 type wiring blocks should also include 4 or 5 blocks, connection block, blank labels and tags folder and the base. 110 type wiring block system uses easy quick-fit plug-hop loops which can be simply rearranged, so it provides a convenient cross-connect to non-professional and technical personnel management system.

110 Punch Down Tool

A Punch Down Tools is used to force solid wire into metal slots on the 110 block. Present residences typically have phone lines entering the house to a sole 110 block, and then it is spread by on-premises wiring to outlet boxes all over the house in a star topology.

Both styles of punch block use a punch down tool to terminate the wires to the block. To terminate a wire, you place it into the terminal and then push it down to make contact with the punch down tool. The punch down tool fits around a 66 block terminal or into a 110 block terminal. One side of the blade is sharp to cut the wire off flush, this is normally marked on the tool with the word cut. Be sure to have this side oriented to cut off the loose end of the wire and not the end going to the other block. Hide extra cable behind the block in case you ever have to reterminate a pair so that you don’t have to reterminate the entire cable.

Whatever the dimensions of the punch down tools are, usage is the same. Many tools have a dual blade that can be flipped depending on which style of block is in use.

How To Purchase Twisted Pair Cable

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In its simplest form, twisted pair cable consists of two insulated strands of copper wire twisted around each other. There are two types of twisted-pair cable: unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) and shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable. A number of twisted-pair wires are often grouped together and enclosed in a protective sheath to form a cable. The total number of pairs in a cable varies. The twisting cancels out electrical noise from adjacent pairs and from other sources such as motors, relays, and transformers.

Category 5e or Category 6 Twisted Pair Cable

Currently there is a great deal of confusion among Ethernet cable buyers concerning whether to purchase Cat5e, or to use Cat6. Most of this confusion comes from a misunderstanding by the buyer that buying Cat6 cable will give them an “all gigabit” network. This is not the case. Unless every single component in the network is gigabit rated, then you will never have a gigabit network, because your network will always run at the speed of your slowest device.

Cat5e cable of good quality can run near or at gigabit speeds, it just cannot be “certified” for this use. By comparison, Cat6 is designed especially for gigabit use, and is certified to operate at said speed. It becomes a matter of whether or not you want to pay all that extra money, for little or no noticeable improvement in the performance of you network.

In most cases, it makes more sense to go with Cat5e. It is for this reason that most of your new installations in the private sector are going with Cat5e. It is more economical, performs well, and is readily available in many colors. Many IT professionals when asked about why they specified Cat6 for a specific job, often responded stated that they “wanted the best they could get.” This is the line of thought behind many purchases of cable.

The average consumer often times is not aware that there is no real benefit to them to use Cat6, so they let someone talk them in to buying it. FS.COM is committed to helping people make good decisions about cable purchases and we are always standing by to help you.

Fs twisted pair cable.jpg

How to Buy Twisted Pair Cable

Following are some advice you can take when choose a twisted pair cable for your network.

See Packing and Printing Quality

Carefully check the cable box to see whether packing is in good conditions. The packaging of fake cable is usually very poor, so the quality of the external packaging can determine the user’s first feeling. However, good quality cables are usually perfectly packaged. And many manufacturers still paste anti-fake label on the product packaging.

See Identifications on Cable’s Outer Layer

Twisted pair cable insulation outer layer shall be printed with the words such as manufacturers, place of origin, performance standards, product categories (Cat5e Ca6t, etc.) and cable length identification.

See Twisting Density

In order to reduce signal interference, each line pairs of the twisted pair cable are twisted in a counterclockwise direction to each other and the different line pairs of the same twisted pair cable also has different twisting density. If the twisting density does not meet the technical requirements, serious near-end crosstalk may appear due to the mismatch of the cable resistance, which will shorten transmission distance and reduce the transmission rate. Don’t choose twisted pair cables whose twisting density is incompetent.

See Cable Colors

After peeling the outer layer of twisted pair cable, you can see each pair of wires in a twisted-pair cable is one of four colors: orange, green, blue, or brown. The two wires that make up each pair are complementary. It should be noted that these colors are not dyed on the cable. Don’t choose cables whose color is not clear.

See Flame Retardants Cases

In order to avoid cable’s burning and damage caused by high temperature or fire, the outer layer of the twisted pair cable should have a very good tensile property and flame retardant property. The outer layer of a good twisted pair cable may be gradually melted and misshapen, but won’t burn itself.

Touch the Cable’s Outer Layer

In most cases, we can make an initial judgment by touching the outer layer of twisted pair cable. In order to save cost, bad cable usually uses terrible wire materials. So when we touch it, we may feel sticky and coarsened. However, a good twisted pair cable may feel smooth. Besides, considering that the cable may need to be curved, good cables usually have excellent extensibility. Therefore, good cables may feel full.

Conclusion

Taking the future applications into consideration, we should install the most advanced cabling products, because the cable is often difficult to re-install and replace. Then, you should use cat6 cables instead of cat 5e cable. Though cat 6 cable is a little expensive than cat 5e cable, in order to reduce cost for network upgrade in the future, cat 6 cables are still worth considering.

Related Articles:
Ethernet Cable Types – Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, and Cat7
Difference of Straight Through and Crossover Cable
Patch Cable vs. Crossover Cable: What Is the Difference?
Quick View of Ethernet Cables Cat5, Cat5e And Cat6

Protocol Converter Is The Key Component In Communication

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The Protocol Converter, a device converts one protocol into other protocol, is ideal for situations where data from monitored equipment is incompatible with the protocols used by the building management system (BMS) or network management system (NMS), such as in cases where legacy monitoring systems are present. The ability of the protocol converter to accept up to 1,024 inputs over 32 modules means flexible integration with multiple alarm and management systems using one simple device. Protocol converters are widely used in process or industrial automation, building automation, substation automation, automatic meter reading and vehicle automation applications.

Protocol converters are normally used with switches, PCIe network cards and fiber media converters, CWDM and DWDM equipment, PDH multiplexers etc. Protocol converter series may put into action the actual transformation in between single E1 protocol port as well as protocol ports of V.35, V.24, RS232 or Ethernet within the tranny system; it may be thoroughly utilized in numerous being able to access problems with regard to providers as well as commercial clients, for example DDN, ATM, as well as for that transformation in between router and E1 port, or even the actual occasion exactly where Ethernet tend to be interconnected from divided internet websites through SDH or even additional tranny gear.

1. Protocol converter can offer local, remote loop-back functions, commanded remote device loop-back as well as pseudo-random code testing perform; loop-back perform may be used without influence on normal network data conversation and can not really lead to the actual meltdown of network;

2. E1 port may support 120ohm/75 ohm opposition concurrently;

3. V.24 port may assistance a rate of 64K or 128K (optional), and may carry out tranny from any kind of specific time-slot within E1 port; also it can function under DTE and DCE modes;

4. V.35 user port may support N*64K (N=1~32) adaptive rate, and may assistance inner, exterior and slave clock modes, in order to end up being designed in order to numerous programs; also it can function under DTE and DCE modes;

5. RS232 port may assistance the actual a good adaptive rate lower than 115.2K;

6. Ethernet port may assistance N*64K (N=1~32) adjustable rate, and may assistance four channels of Switched Ethernet ports and may end up being channel-isolated; Ethernet mode may assistance 10M/100M semi-duplex as well as 10/100M full-duplex modes as well as adaptive mode (optional), as well as assistance VLAN protocol;

7. Ethernet protocol convertor may identify the actual delivering as well as getting information caution associated with E1 port instantly, as well as switch off Ethernet function instantly.

How To Choose A Converter

There are basically two types of protocol converter which are listed below.

1. Software Protocol Converters
2. Hardware Protocol Converters

Some of the most popular industrial automation protocols are DF-1, CAN (Controller Area Network), Ethernet RS232 Converter, Ethernet RS422 Converter, ControlNet, DeviceNet, HostLink Protocol, Profibus, Modbus, Honeywell SDS, HART Protocol, EtherNet/IP etc. And some Industrial control system protocols like MTConnect, OPC, OPC UA. Select the converter that best matches your application and communication setup, keeping in mind three key features:

Number of connections—some converters support single connections, while others provide as many as 32 multiple connections with multiple serial ports.

Baud rate—we have seen converters with baud rates as high as 921kbaud. Converters with lower baud rates are less expensive, but their performance is slower.

Connectivity protocol—the converter must support the protocol used by your network, either TTL serial, RS-232, RS-422, or RS-485.

Consider the number of connections, baud rate and connectivity protocol, you can finally buy a protocol converter meet your applications.

Fiber Optic Cables Are The First Option For Data Transmission

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Fiber Optical Cable has brought a revolution to the data transmission system. As the earlier Electrical Wire System was difficult to manage and was sometimes also hazardous to life. With the emergence of Fiber Optical Cable, data transmission is no more an irksome job. It is now simplified, providing much more convenient than ever imagined.

Following Are The Reasons For Choosing Optical Cables For Network Cabling:

Safe To Use: Fiber Cable is far better than copper cable from the safety point of view. Copper and Aluminum Wire are good conductors of electricity and carry electric current. But when their outer insulated coating gets damaged, one can experience electric shock that can be dangerous to life. In this regard, Fiber Cables are safer to use because they do not transmit current but rather light waves.

Withstand Rough Conditions: Fiber Cable is capable of resisting tough conditions that co-axial or any other such cable cannot do. The reason is that other cables are usually made up of one or the other metal and are prone to corrosion, while Fiber Cable is covered with protective plastic coating with glass inside and transmits light impulses in spite of electric current, which make it resistant towards corrosion.

Long Distance Data Transmission: There cannot be any comparison in terms of data carrying capacity of Fiber Optical Cable and Copper Cable. Fiber Cable can transmit signals 50 times longer than Copper Cable.

Moreover, signal loss rate of Fiber Optical Wire is also very less, and thus does not need any kind of reminder in transmitting the signals at same pace. Fiber Cable has higher bandwidth that is amount of data communication resources available or consumed – this is the reason how Fiber Cable can transmit data at longer distances.

Easy Installation: Ethernet Cable is long and thin with intact cables inside. It is also light in weight which makes its installation at almost every place easier as compared to other wires.

No Electrical Interference: Fiber Optical Cable neither carries electric current nor need earthing. Therefore, it does not get affected by the electrical interferences. Fiber Cable is immune to moisture and lighting, which makes it ideal to be fitted inside the soil or an area where there is high Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

Durable and Long Lasting: Fiber Optical Cable is durable and lasts longer than any other cable such as Co-Axial Cable, Copper Cable, etc. It is perfect for network cabling.

Data Security: Extra security can be provided with Fiber Optical Cable as it can be tapped easily and data transmitted through it remains secure, while in case of the Copper Cable there is no surety of data security and any loss of data cannot be obtained back.

There are various types of optical fiber cables available on the market, including 250um Bare Fiber, 900um Tight Buffer Fiber, Large Core Glass Fiber, Simplex Fiber Optic Cables, Duplex Multimode Fiber Optic Cable, OM4 OM3 10G Fiber Cable, Indoor Distribution Cable, Indoor & Outdoor Cable, Outdoor Loose Tube Cable, Fiber Breakout Cable, Ribbon Fiber Cable, LSZH Fiber Optic Cable, Armored Fiber Optic Cable, FTTH Fiber Optic Cable, Figure 8 Aerial Cable, Plastic Optical Fiber, Polarization Maintaining Fibers & Special Fiber, etc. They are used for different applications, one must do a thorough research before buying fiber cables for network cabling.

The Campus Cabling System Solutions

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Introduction
With the spread of computer applications, along with the rapid development of network technology, the campus network has become an essential school information infrastructure. The implementation of the campus network, for schools to adapt to new developments and make fuller use of existing teaching resources for teching, management has provided a guarantee. Construction of intelligent building network as the physical basis. Using a variety of transmission media of the communication management device and the terminal connected. Its performance can affect the normal operation of the network and the length of life. Therefore, the design of a scientific and rational, optimized campus cabling system is to further play a variety of network equipment functions, the information and communication technologies to achieve the school a good development, improve the level of application management key.
The Campus Cabling System Overview
According to GB/T 50314 “Intelligent Building Design Standards” about the demarcation of ten categories of building regulations, school buildings, including ordinary full-time colleges and universities, high schools and senior vocational schools, junior and primary schools, nurseries and kindergartens school buildings, etc. Different levels of the school, its size, environment, personnel are different, so the campus cabling system requirements will be different.
The Campus Cabling System Features
In China, a full time ordinary institutions of higher learning, the campus area (not including campuses district), in general, nearly acres, some even a few acres. Distribution of number of buildings on campus and many species has a teaching building, comprehensive building, laboratory buildings, art building (including the campus theater, dance halls on campus, campus cultural centers), libraries, teachers’ apartments, student apartments, gymnasium, conference centers, schools’ hospitals, canteens and so on. Their application also includes teaching, testing, physical, network, accommodation, living, health care and other aspects. For colleges and universities this area, building scattered places different functions in the design of cabling, to be able to meet all of these different buildings, different application requirements, we need the entire cabling system to conduct a comprehensive in depth design considerations.

Figure 1: Campus network design

On campus cabling system, according to the classification of schools located in differnet, differnet mission, teaching different functions, as well as regional and other characteristics of different regions, each school has a different more or less cabling place. However, there are several points which can be used as colleges campus cabling system to explore the commonalities, but also can be used as a variety of colleges and universities can learn from campus cabling system solutions.
1. Campus Cabling diversity
a. Building diversity
We also mentioned earlier, in the campus, especially college a wide variety of buildings, each building its building types and architectural features may vary. Some twenty or thirty or more layers of tall buildings (such as the school’s main building, complex building, etc.), while others are one, two dwarf room (such as canteens, etc.); Some large bay, less information building (such as school gymnasium, etc.); While others are small spaces, intensive information construction (such as multimedia classrooms or computer training room, etc.). For such floor height varies, of various sizes, the number of different information points, we have to make different plans. For high rise buildings, for the convenience and savings trunk cable laying wires, equipment room locationi will need to be carefully considered, such as computer room location is set to the middle of the building. And you do not need low building special consideration. For information point-intensive construction, telecommunications room on each floor of its location also needs attention. Because if you set reasonable, we can save a lot of horizontal cable; What’s more, if too much information points in the same layer, also need to consider setting up multiple telecommunications rooms. For large bays place, not only to consider the distribution of information points, but also consider wheter there is the level of information points length over 90 meters, if there are more than 90 meters of the situation, we need to consider the use of fiber optic cable or increase between telecommunications solutions. Also, in some campus gymnasium, auditorium and other places, also need to consider whether to set CP boxes and other issues.
b. Application of diversity
In colleges and universities, the diversity of buildings, each building determines the variety of applications. Such as teachers’ apartments, student dormitories, school comprehensive building, administration building, a variety of different teaching building, laboratory building used for research, data storage and computing centers. Applications and their information needs are very different. So many applications need not buildings and places, they must be designed according to different requirements. Teachers apartments, student dormitories according to ordinary residential buildings can be cabling design; househole classroom or every student dormitory apartment, basically meet a data point, a voice can be. Comprehensive building, administration building can be carried out according to the way commercial office planning and design; In addition to meet the demand of each office’s basic data, voice, consider increasing the internal campus network information in a specific department, such as education private network information point requirements. A variety of conferentce rooms, reception and other areas, need to consider adding wireless AP points. Data storage and computing centers can be designed according to the data center, to meet a variety of information throughout the campus switching, aggregation and storage. The experimental and research laboratory building as an important place, which may have strong radiation, corrosive material existence, there may exist high temperature, humidity, shock and vibration environments, there may be the most dangerous biological virus. Therefore, their application and requirements may be much more than we usually say ten categories of construction areas, so for special programs. To take into account not only the electromagnetic interference, environmental impact, but also consider the potential life safety issues. Therefore, these sites suggest using the whole screen or fiber class industrial grade high flame retardant wiring products, such as using fire-retardant grade reach CMP / OFNP grade, industrial grade reaches IP67 cabling products.
2. High-speed transmission of information
High speed transmission of information for campus cabling system is already a pressing task. A variety of multimedia transmission, video transmission and other large flow of data communication more and more. For school on the high speed network transmission channel is essential. Including multimedia educational system, remote network education system, digital libraries, data centers and other places, is information is very concentrated, at least to ensure Gigabit to the desktop, Gigabit backbone. Under the condition of the budget allows, it is best able to do Gigabit to the desktop, 40G/100G as the backbone for future development needs. For classroom apartment or student residence, it should try to make Gigabit to the desktop requirements. Because who knows, in the next 5-10 years, or longer period of time, how fast development of the Internet? telematics what would happen to the great changes? Campus Network what will change? So in product planning, to do not only meet the existing information and communication needs, but also to do with a certain forward looking.
3. Stability and security of information
In the campus network, the reliability and security of information transmission is very important, because it not only directly related to the use of campus communications network, but also to the entire campus of internal and external education system problems. Which may affect the security of network communications to the national education system. Instability in the event of information or information leaks, not only caused the affected education, and may bring significant social problems. Such as school entrance examination system due to system instability problems, or important information or test data within the education sector was stolen during transmission and so on. So campus intranet for information requirement is in any case have to ensure that the information transmitted high reliability, high security. In the planning and design of the campus cabling must be to choose a good quality cabling products, but also in fiber optic cabling system to avoid interference or disclosure of information. Achieve stable performance, reliable transmission of information security.
The Campus Cabling System Considerations
1. Disaster preparedness
Disaster prevention, for any cabling system is need, and also is necessary. On campus cabling system, pay attention to disaster prevention and many, such as earthquakes, lightning, flood, fire, etc. Around the school to the actual situation may have different, but in the integrated wiring system, the following two disasters have a very important relationship.
a. Lightning Stroke
Campus cabling system is different from general cabling system is one of the local architecture is numerous, wide distribution. Each building and interconnection of information between, or the information architecture and data center interconnection, must pass a variety of outdoor communication cables, so the campus backbone cable corresponding increase, which gives the outdoor cabling lightning protection challenges. Because once a root trunk cable struck by lightning, and the grounding system in case of a problem or did not do, when hundreds of thousands of volts high voltage transient will pass along the cables between devices, resulting in equipment damage, data lost, resulting in significant losses. So into the line of good grounding system and surge protection is very important. Of course, if you want to achieve more secure, avoid outdoor cables in danger of being struck by lightning can also be used outdoors in all non-metallic reinforcing Outdoor Fiber Cable.
b. Fire Disaster
In addition to natural disasters, the current fire casualties and property loss is caused by the most serious disasters. On campus, most of the buildings are crowded places. In addition to selecting a variety of fire related materials and good fire prevention measures, cabling system cables fire retardant also has become essential. Because as the demand for information transmission, communications cable in the building has more than the number of number of strong electric cables trend, but the communication cable fire retardant has not been given due attention.
In addition, for campus cabling system, others, such as the computer room of the need to guard against seismic reinforcement, cables rat bite, etc., also need to pay attention.
2. Management 
For school cabling systems, too much applications, and wide distribution of information points, application and needs vary, which brought the system management and maintenance of a great test. The traditional label drawing and handwriting management, or use the computer for documentation and preservation of the way, for such a large cabling systems, it has become beyond their grasp. In particular, to achieve a change to the information point and preservation of records in a timely manner, it is very difficult. Therefore, within the scope of the budget allows, it is recommended universities such as large scale cabling system uses intelligent infrastructure management system to improve cabling system maintenance and management, and enhance network security.
3. Intelligent Building digitized

In campus intelligent cabling, in addition to our previously mentioned, but also includes the campus radio systems, fire alarm systems, electronic fence system, monitoring system, LED large screen display systems, etc. These systems are in the transition to digital. Because of a digital campus will be teaching, research, management, technical services, services life and campus information collection, processing, integration, storage, transmission and application, so that the use of digital resources are fully optimized. By implementing from the environment (including equipment, classrooms, etc.), resources (such as books, handouts, courseware, etc.) to the application (including teaching, learning, management, service, office, etc.) all digitized, in the traditional campus built on a digital space to improve the operating efficiency of the traditional campus, expanding the traditional campus business functions, and ultimately the overall educational process information, so as to improve the management level and efficiency. Therefore, the campus all variety of intelligent system based on transmission channel will also jumped to Gigabit, and even Gigabit network requirements. In the design and planning, and perhaps to consider the application of digitization. In which the product can be selected copper Cat6a Cable, cat 6a, cat 7 products, fiber optic cable in OM3 Cable and other fiber optic products. However, for fire alarm systems, campus broadcasting system, and its products should be chosen to meet the high flame retardant properties, if possible, it is best to choose a high fire retardant cables. Because it does not lead to a fire occurs due to the rapid combustion of the cable causes the system to malfunction.

Figure 2: 305m Bulk Cat6 550MHz Cable UTP

Conclusion
Campus cabling system though complex, but as long as we grasp the core features of cabling system, clear the standard cabling system the basic requirements, specifically the various buildings, the application of the various systems and functions. It is not difficult to design and planning. Even the school have dozens, hundreds buildings, even if there are many school of information and communication applications, the final analysis are inseparable from the basic principles of cabling. Therefore, cabling system in the school, in order to maximize long as we grasp little less to more of the principles from the point to the line, from a line to a plane unfold. You will find, and then a big projects, the final show in front of us or our common and often do a single type of building cabling system, just follow their individual needs and applications for planning and design, you can complete set of perfect school cabling system.

To Introduce Optical Communication and Internet Technology

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Technology of terabit optic circuit packet integrated switching system
New exchange system and integrated optic circuit packet layers will be provided to meet the large capacity, high quality, low cost and effective demand so as to adapt to the cable wireless traffic spikes in the service in the future.
A connection-oriented packet transport technology is considered to be an effective way to improve the performance of packet data transmission. It is necessary, can put a layer of transport network in the direction of capital spending and minimizing operating costs to overcome the network provider’s storage and traffic increase of income. And unified control mechanism is applied to the network resource allocation, flexible wavelength circuit and packet layer according to the service characteristics. The key technologies of the system are as followings.
• Technology of Terabit Optic-Circuit-Packet Integrated Switching System
  * Connection-oriented Packet Transport
  * Optic-Circuit-Packet Integrated Switch
  * Optic-Circuit-Packet Layer Integrated Control/Management
• Technology of beyond-100G Optical Transmission
  * Long-reach OTN Transceiver

  * Short-reach Ethernet Transceiver

Technology of terabit optic circuit packet integrated switching system
Smart IDC Network Control Technology for Cloud Service
Along with the rapid spreads and changes of cloud services and the technologic growth of the components in the IDC, the IDC networks are demanding following changes.
Cloud optimized: The virtualization rate of the server is rising up to 10:1-100:1 and storage virtualization is also possible recently. So IDC is requiring the cloud-optimized virtualization to the network side which are connecting the virtualized cloud resources.
Flattened: There are network control needs to reduce the delay latency of virtualized server-to-server communications which is occuping up to 70%, to rise the utilization rate the link resources of L2 IDC networks of Tree-shape multi-layer hierarchical architecture with STP.
Auto-Managed: There are demands of integrated management of network and cloud resources between IDC and create/delete/VM migration to ensure seamless services in the cloud.

Therefore, our research target to develop the Smart IDC optical network solution to solve the current problems of IDC network with the 3 IDC network control technologies of the Cloud-Optimized Virtual Network Control technology, the Flattened IDC Network Control Technology and Auto-managed IDC network control technology.

High speed optical transmission technology

The rapid progress in optical transmission technology has been supporting the ever increasing transmission traffic. In particular, the WDM technology, it is by the end of last century, played a main role. However, the new technology needs to use data traffic exponentially. A solution is 100Gb/s transmission. IEEE announced 40G/100G Ethernet standard and ITU-T has completed ONT standard to accommodate 100G signals in DWDM backbone network. Recently, the 100Gb/s transmission technology has become the commercial deployment, in addition to the existing 10Gb/s and 40Gb/s. Already technologies beyond 100G or 400G are started being discussed. With a long-term perspective, it is a disruptive

technology, SDM (space division multiplexing) technology is seriously explored to harness the traffic in economic and energy efficient way.

Next Generation WDM-PON Technology
The WDM-PON is promising technology to provide broadband access offering optic-wireless converged next generation multi-application service with the highest quality.
There are many advantages of the WDM-PON:
* Using multiple wavelength on a single fiber, each of which carries a transmission bandwidth up to 10Gb/s at maximum; Therefore, the WDM-PON can reduce the optical access infrastructure;
* Suitable for long-reach application and possible to achieve OPEX reduction;
* Provide co-existence with legacy TDM-PON (EPON system, and GPON) systems and pay as you grow upgradability;
* Unique advantages of so-called protocol transparency, which means that it requires no specific transmission protocol, and the physical layer security, in addition to scalability in the increase of the bandwidth and guarantee of the quality of service based on bandwidth abundance.

Video Multiplexer For CCTV And Surveillance Applications

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Fiber-optic-based video and audio multiplexers are designed specifically for pro A/V and broadcast applications. Digital Video Multiplexer is usually applied in video area, especially for Security defensive system.

A video multiplexer, also called mux, includes digital video transmitter and receiver, is a device that put recordings of signals from multiple security cameras on one cassette. It handles several different video signals simultaneously. Video multiplexers can split a monitor into various display areas and vice versa, combine output signals from several cameras to a single monitor. It can be used as a stand-alone video processor to control various types of video views directly to a monitor and/or in conjunction with a VCR surveillance recorder. They can also provide simultaneous display and playback features. Some video multiplexers allow for remote access. They combine the best features of switchers and quads.

Typical Applications of Video Multiplexers:

1. Putting the camera signal on a video channel that is accessible to your television.
2. Configurable camera recording.
3. Closed circuit television (CCTV) and video surveillance applications because a video multiplexer can split a monitor into various display areas.
4. Automatic camera detection.
5. Various media and broadcasting applications.

How to Choose Video Multiplexer?

Video multiplexers come in a variety of configurations and features that conform to certain quality standards. The features may differ in quality of resolution, channels, refresh times, weight, power consumption, etc.

When choosing the video multiplexer, you should consider the number of camera inputs you need while taking into account future changes (in case of expansion). Features you need to look for include the following:

1. A time and date stamp that lets you know when any recorded activity took place.
2. An alarm output.
3. Motion detection.
4. Capability to be used with your computer software.
5. Use with either color or black-and-white cameras.

Multiplexers are described as simplex or duplex. This description indicates the number of multiplexing functions they can perform at any one time. Simplex multiplexers can perform only one multiplexing function at a time and will show a full-screen image, whereas duplex multiplexers show split options while continuing to record because it has two multiplexing processors in the same unit. Thus, a duplex multiplexer can display multiple cameras at the same time while multiplex-recording those cameras. Triplex multiplexers add a third multiplexing processor that has the ability to view live and recorded video on the same screen at the same time. Quadriplexers, or quads, use four camera connections per monitor. Quads can split the screen and display all the four cameras simultaneously. This means that the images are compressed and the image resolution may be low. In comparison, a multiplexer records each camera individually; thus, no loss from compression will occur. This is because when the output of a multiplexer is connected to a recording device, all cameras are individually recorded in sequence.

FiberStore supplies complete video surveillance systems, including Video Multiplexers, Video Data Multiplexer, Audio Video Multiplexers and video Audio Data Multiplexer. We supply video multiplexer in different channels, such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 channels. The Data Audio Video Multiplexer is ideal for a wide range of multiplexing and remultiplexing applications including Broadcast/Studio, CCTV audio and Professional AV applications.

NeoPhotonics Opens Factory in Dongguan of China

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FiberStore News

Summary: NewPhotonics last week announced the first shipments of optical transceiver modules out of its new, high capacity factory in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China

NewPhotonics Corporation, a leading designer and manufacturer of photonic integrated circuit, or PIC, based optoelectronic modules and subsystems for bandwidth intensive high speed communications networks, last week announced the first shipments of optical transceiver modules out of its new, high capacity factory in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China.

The new factory consists of approximately 80, 000 square feet of production spare, which includes approximately 50, 000 square feet of clean room area. The new production lines use state of the art manufacturing equipment for optical sub-assembly (OSA) fabrication and final module assembly and test. Module work cells are designed to support rapid reconfiguration of production lines, which allows quick reaction to the changing needs in the dynamic market of optical modules for high speed communications worldwide.

Dongguan factory is the latest addition to the company’s manufacturing capabilities. Another basement of manufacturing, assembly and test operations facilities is located in Shenzhen, China. Together with FiberStore, another fiber transceiver provider, forming the most competitive transceiver modules providers in China Silicon Valley, Shenzhen.

About NeoPhotonics
NeoPhotonics is a leading designer and manufacturer of photonic integrated circuit, or PIC, based optoelectronic modules and subsystems for bandwidth-intensive, high-speed communications networks.

About FiberStore
FiberStore is one of the main fiber optic network solutions providers, which offers complete range of electrical, optical and mechanical parts, such as fiber transceiver, direct attach passive &
active copper cables. The company’s products enable cost-effective, high-speed data transmission and efficient allocation of bandwidth over communications networks.

FiberStore Announces Availability of a New Product -Return Loss Tester JW3307B

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Summary: FiberStore announced the launch of a new return loss tester series JW3307B with enhanced features of high accuracy, compact appearance, stable and reliable test index, etc.

FiberStore is pleased to announce a new return loss tester – Muti-mode Loss & Insertion Loss Test Station JW3307B, which is a high performance loss test station that is designed specially for Optical Passive Components production Test and Lab Test.

The multimode interpolation return loss measuring instrument is specially used in the optical fiber cable and other fiber optic passive devices, optical active device and optical fiber communication system of insertion loss and return loss test.

At the moment, this new return loss tester combines three different working modes as a return loss meter, optical power and loss meter and a stable laser source in one test station.

JW3307B is a special circuit designed, with large dynamic range and weak signal accurate monitoring analysis, it can provide USB communication function, automatic storage of data.

“This highly accurate return loss tester used Two LCD displays, and efficiently reduced eye strain of users. Besides the leakage design of optical power meter module and light source module also greatly reduced the operation procedures” commented Li Longqing, product manager, fusion splicer systems for FiberStore.

Standard configurations of this JW3307B tester includes the main body, power supply cable, the interface adapter ( FC/SC/ST/φ 2.5/φ 1.25), User Manual, FC/APC-FC/APC reference patch cord, Scrambler, Extinction Module, Cleaning Cotton Stick, Fuse, USB Cable, PC software, Foot Pedal. If you want to know more about this MM Return Loss & Insertion Loss Test Station JW3307B, visit www.fs.com or contact us by sales@fs.com