The Progress of Multimode Fiber

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In 1976, Corning developed 50/125μm by the graded-index multimode fiber and 1983 by Lucent Bell Labs developed 62.5/125μm graded-index multimode fiber, they are two larger amount of Multimode Fiber. The cladding diameter and mechanical properties of these two fibers are same, but different transmission characteristics. They can provide such as Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI protocols specified in the standard distance required bandwidth, and it can be upgraded to Gb/s rate.

The new multimode fiber standard grades issued by ISO / IEC 11801, Multimode fiber is divided into four categories, OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4. OM1 and OM2 refer to traditional 62.5/125μm and 50/125μm multimode fiber. OM3 and OM4 refer to the new Gigabit 50/125μm multimode fiber.

62.5/125μm Graded-index Multimode fiber(OM1,OM2)

Common 62.5/125μm graded-index multimode fiber is the IEC-60793-2 fiber optic products specification Alb type. As the core diameter and a numerical aperture of 62.5/125μm fiber is greater, which has a strong anti-concentrating ability and bending characteristics, especially in the 20th century, before the mid-1990s, the lower the rate of the LAN, less demanding on the fiber bandwidth, thus making this fiber to obtain the most widely used, becomes 20 years between the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s mainstream products in most countries data communications fiber market. Belong OM1 and OM2 fiber types of Alb full power injection (OFL) bandwidth respectively 200/500MHz.km (850/1300nm) 500/500MHz.km (850/1300nm).

Now you can see the follow products about 62.5 Multimode Fiber

Duplex OM1 62.5/125 Dia2.5mm Fiber Patch Cable

SMA905- SMA905 Duplex OM1 62.5/125 Dia2.5mm Fiber Patch Cable from Fiberstore

50/125μm graded-index multimode fiber(OM1,OM2)

Common 50/125μm OM2 Fiber graded-index multimode fiber is the IEC-60793-2 fiber optic products specification Ala.1 type. Historically, in order to reduce as much as possible the cost of the LAN system, widely used inexpensive LED as the light source, rather than expensive LD. Since the LED output power is low, the divergence angle is much larger than LD, while the core diameter and a numerical aperture of 50/125μm multimode fiber are relatively small, is not conducive to efficient coupling with the LED, as large core diameter and numerical aperture of 62.5/125μm (Alb class) fiber enables more light power coupled into the fiber link to, therefore, 50/125μm graded-index multimode fiber in the mid-90s as good as 62.5/125μm (Alb class) that is widely used fiber.

Since the 20th century, a local area network developed up to lGb / s rate, it didn’t meet the requirement 62.5/125μm OM1 Fiber bandwidth with LED light source. Compared with 62.5/125μm multimode fiber, 50/125μm multimode fiber core diameter and a numerical aperture smaller, 50/125μm gradient in the number of multi-mode fiber conduction mode refractive index of about 62.5/125μm multimode fiber conduction mode 1/2.5, thus effectively reducing the modal dispersion of a multimode optical fiber, such that the bandwidth is significantly increased production costs .50/125μm multimode optical fiber is reduced to about 1/3. So make it again been widely used. IEEE802.3z Gigabit Ethernet standard provides 50/125μm multimode and 62.5/125μm multimode fiber can be used as a transmission medium using Gigabit Ethernet. But for the new network is generally preferred 50/125μm multimode fiber. Belong OM1 and OM2 fiber types are Ala. 1 full power injection (OFL) bandwidth respectively 200/500MHz.km (850/1300nm) and 500/500MHz.km (850/1300nm)

OM3 Fiber

Traditional OM1 and OM2 multimode fiber from the standard mode and design are based LED, as the operating wavelength of 850 nm, a low price VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) and the emergence of wide application, 850nm importance window increased. VCSEL can be lower than the price of long-wavelength lasers to improve network speed to the user. 50/125μm multimode fiber has a higher bandwidth 850nm window, low price VCSEL can support longer transmission distances for Gigabit Ethernet protocol, and the high rate support longer distances. With the improvement of network speed and size, modulation rates up to 10Gb/s short-wavelength VCSEL laser light sources become one of the high-speed network. Since the difference between the two light-emitting devices, optical fibers must transform itself to adapt to changes in light. In order to meet the needs of 10 Gb / s transfer rate, the International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) and the Telecommunications Industry Alliance (TIA) joint drafting of a new generation of 50 μm core multimode fiber standard. ISO/IEC in the new multi-mode fiber grade they will develop a new generation of multi-mode fiber is zoned 0M3 category (IEC standard A1a.2)

OM4 Fiber

OM4 fiber is optimized for the 50μm core multimode fiber, currently, the OM4 (IEC standard A1a.3) criteria is actually an upgraded version of an OM3 multimode fiber. Compared with standard OM3 OM4 fiber, fiber bandwidth indicators just do upgrade. That OM4 standards are made to improve the 850nm wavelength effective modal bandwidth (EMB) and the full bandwidth of the injection (OFL) compared to OM3 fiber.

The Characteristics Of Single mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber

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Fiber optic cable is the most common and important transmission medium in optical communication system. It consists of a single glass core, the cladding layer close to the core, a primary coating layer and a protective layer composed of plastic cap.(Cylindrical fiber, the core, cladding and coating layers composed of three parts.) Core and the cladding layer consists of two different optical properties of the medium constituting the medium refractive index of light than the interior of a surrounding medium high refractive index. In the periphery of the package as the cover layer of opaque material, as the light is prevented from escaping from the surface during interspersed. Fiber optic cable has two types: single mode fiber and multimode fiber.

Multimode Fiber

When the geometry of the fiber is much larger than the wavelength of light (about lμm), optical transmission process will be a significant presence of dozens or even hundreds of transport modes, such as the fiber is called multimode fiber.

Due to different propagation modes having different phase propagation velocity, thus, long-distance transmission is generated through mode dispersion (after long-distance transmission delay difference is generated, resulting in the optical pulse broadening). Side mode dispersion will narrow the bandwidth of multimode fiber, the transmission capacity is reduced, and therefore, multi-mode fiber is only suitable for low speed, short-distance optical fiber communication, data communication is currently a large number of multi-mode fiber local area network.

Main products and application performance of multimode fiber in the following table:

Multimode Fiber
The related products about 62.5/125mm multimode fiber from fs.com, it is below:

Duplex OM1 62.5 125 Fiber Patch Cable

The product about  50/125mm OM2 multimode fiber

Duplex OM2 50 125 Fiber Patch Cable

Single Mode Fiber 

When the geometry of the fiber is small, and the wavelength of the same order as the core diameter in the range of 4-10μm, the optical fiber allows only one mode (basic mode) in which the transmission, the remaining high-order mode are all turned off, so that said single mode fiber. Avoid the mode dispersion single mode fiber, suitable for large-capacity long-distance transmission.

IEC 60793-2 and IEC 60793-2-50 single mode fiber will be divided into B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B2, B4, B5, B6 and other categories, ITU-T also G.652, G .653, G.654, G.655, G.656, G.657 and other recommendations were standardized definition and characteristics of various single mode fiber, and each part of the GB / T 9771 with reference to IEC 60793-2-50 ITU-T G.65x series formulation.

A given type of single mode fiber, the mode field diameter by (also called effective area), the dispersion coefficient, dispersion slope, wavelength cutoff adapted to optimize the parameters, and access ways for different applications.

Related Article: What’s the Difference: Single Mode vs Multimode Fiber

10G Ethernet Transmission MPO System Scheme

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June 2002, IEEE802.3ae Task Force issued a series of fiber-based Gigabit Ethernet standard, commonly used in LAN 10GBase-SR/SW as example, 10GBase-SR/SW using serial transmission technology, that is, each core optical fiber only send or receive signals, so to achieve 10Gbps transmission requires at least two-core optical fiber.

MPO fiber optic deployment system has two solutions, one is to use the program with MPO module box, because MPO module box is with metal needles, therefore MPO trunk cables do not need to distinguish whether with a metal pin (Pin), most users tend to use MPO module case scenario; another option is to use MPO coupler, such programs must differentiate between MPO trunk cables with metal needles and without metal pin, the other two ends need to convert Fiber Jumper, so this program is rarely adoption.

According ANSI/TIA-568-C.3 standards are divided into the following two types of duplex Fiber jumpers:

Standard: (A-B)

MPO Fiber

Non-Standard: (A-A)

MPO

According ANSI/TIA-568-C.3 standard, MPO coupler is divided into Type A, Type B two types:

MPO Fiber Connector

MPO Fiber Optic

MPO fiber optic system according to the MPO trunk cables, MPO module boxes and jumpers of different types have different combinations of programs, mainly A, B, C three kinds of channel combination scheme

Method A: Using straight-through (Type A) of MPO trunk cables, Fiber Jumpers must be used at both ends of different models, Scenario A increases the complexity of the orders, it is not recommended to use programs A.

Method B: A fully cross (Type B) of MPO trunk cables, MPO module box must use two different types (Key Up-Key Up) and (Key Down-Key Down), another plan B does not support the ramp octave end face (singlemode fiber, so most manufacturers do not recommend using program B.

Method C: Using lines cross (Type C) of MPO trunk cables, MPO consistent at both ends of the module box (Type A) and standard jumpers, so Option C is the solution of choice for 10G Ethernet recommended.

There are some related MPO products from fiberstore, you can see to know more about MPO Fiber.

12 Fibers, Single-Mode, 12 Standard MPO Fiber Cable,3.0mm LSZH

MPO Trunk Cable

FiberStore offer singlemode and multimode (OM1, OM2, 10G OM3, 10G OM4) MPO/MTP Cable. Singlemode MPO MTP Fiber cable is primarily used for applications involving extensive distances, 10G Mpo Cassettes provide 10 gigabit data transfer speeds in high bandwidth applications and they are 5 times faster than standard 50um fiber cable. Work with both VCSEL laser and LED sources. The meanwhile, we also provide 40G/100G MPO/MTP trunk cable.

The Development of Multimode Fiber Patch Cable

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Corning and Lucent and other large companies proposed a “new generation of multi-mode fiber” concept to the international standardization bodies. A new generation of multimode fiber patch cable standards drafted by the International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO / IEC) and the Telecommunications Industry Alliance (TIA-TR42). As a new generation of multimode fiber transmission medium 10Gb / s Ethernet, be included in IEEE 10Git / s Ethernet standard. This article will briefly describe the new generation of multimode fiber patch cable critical technology.

1.1 The Typle of Multimode Fiber Patch Cable

The new generation of multimode fiber patch cable is 50/125μm, graded-index multimode fiber distribution. The number of this transmission mode Fiber Optic Cables is approximately 62.5μm multimode fiber transmission mode 1/2.5. This can effectively reduce the dispersion of the multimode fiber mode, increase the bandwidth. For 850nm wavelength, 50/125μm Multimode fiber bandwidth is 500MHz.km. Recent experiments confirmed: the use of 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) as a light source in the 1Gb / s rate, 50μm multimode fiber core diameter standard error can be no transfer 1750m, 50μm core diameter multimode fiber can be a new generation of error-free transmission 2000m. In the 10Gb / s down, 50μm core diameter multimode fiber can transmit a new generation of 600m. A new generation of multi-mode fiber is mainly used to support high-speed Ethernet (Ethernet), Fibre Channel (FC) and fiber optic interconnection (OIF). Meanwhile at 10Gbit / s system can transmit 600m, so that it can be used for building backbone and campus backbone extraordinary distance from the middle. In the data center design, within a distance of 100m to support higher speed (40G and 100Gbits / s? Ethernet, 16G and 32Gbits / s Fibre Channel) data transmission requirements.

The related products about New Generation multimode mode fiber patch cable, SMA905-ST Duplex 50/125 Dia2.5mm OM2 multimode fiber patch cable from fs.com, the products picture is below:

OM2 Multimode Fiber

The SMA-905 fiber optic patch cord, also known as FSMA connector, was one of the First fiber optic interconnect system that gained industry wide acceptance.SMA905 fiber patch cords make use of threaded connections and is still widely used for military, industrial, medical and Surgical applications and laser systems because of their low cost multimode coupling. It features simple termination and Assembly, and is TIA and IEC compliant. SMA 905 multimode connectors are available with stainless alloy or stainless steel ferrules.

1.2 A New Generation of Multimode Fiber Source

Traditional multimode fiber networks use light-emitting diode (LED) as light source . In low-speed network, which is an economically rational choice. However, LED is spontaneous emission light, the radiation -emitting laser is excited , the carrier lifetime is longer the former than the latter, and thus the LED modulation rate is limited , and not more than gigabit networks. Further, LED compared with a laser, the beam divergence angle, wide spectral width . After injection of multimode fiber , excite more high-order mode, the introduction of more wavelength components, so that the fiber bandwidth decreases . Fortunately 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) not only has the advantage of these lasers, but aslo the price is basically the same with the LED. Other advantages of VCSEL are: low threshold current, may not be enlarged, driven directly by logic gates at 10Gb / s rate, get a few milliwatts of output power; emission wavelength of 850nm which does not apply to the standard single-mode fiber just for multimode fiber . At this wavelength, an inexpensive silicon detectors can be used and have a good frequency response; VCSEL another remarkable advantage is that the manufacturing process can be easily controlled distribution of the emitted light power , which is very advantageous for improving the bandwidth of MMF. It is because of these advantages, the new generation of multimode fiber standard will use 850nm VCSEL light source .

1.3 The Bandwidth Distance of Multimode Fiber Patch Cable

By comparing the above- described laser and LED , the use of multimode fiber laser light source, the transmission bandwidth should be greatly improved. However, experimental results show that simply make the bandwidth of a laser instead of LED light source, system is not only reduced but increased. IEEE Expert Group found through research, the bandwidth of multimode fiber and the optical fiber or the injection molding state of a power distribution. The preform fabrication process, the refractive index of the fiber axis prone to depression. Done before light source LED, is overfilled launch (OFL-Over Filled Launch), all of the fiber mode ( hundreds ) are excited to bring their own part of each module power. The refractive index of the fiber center delay characteristic distortion affects only a small number of models, the relatively limited impact on the modal bandwidth of the fiber. The measured multimode fiber bandwidth for the use of LED light source system is correct. However, when a laser light source, a laser beam spot is only a few microns, the divergence angle is smaller than the LED, so that only a small number of modes excited in the center of the fiber transmission, each mode carries a large part of the power, the refractive index of the fiber center distortion affect a small number of patterns of delay characteristics, so that decreased multimode fiber bandwidth. So it can not be measured with a laser light source for multimode fiber OFL bandwidth of conventional methods.

Today a new generation of multi-mode fiber main measurement bandwidth limit die by injection method (RML-Restricted Mode Launch). In this way the measured bandwidth is called ” laser -bandwidth ” or ” modal bandwidth limit “, previously done with the LED light source measured bandwidth is called “OFL bandwidth is .” Both represent the bandwidth of multimode fiber laser and LED light source with a time of injection. August 5, 2009, TIA Standards Committee released a new generation of bandwidth distance product standard multimode fiber , 850nm laser distance -bandwidth product of 470MHz.km, 850nm OFL bandwidth of distance product of 350MHz.km, 1300nm OFL bandwidth of distance plot to 500MHz.km. Incidentally, the bandwidth from the product of the above-described generation of the multi-mode fiber is only 3dB corresponding baseband bandwidth of multimode fiber, multimode fiber does not take more than a high-frequency band -pass region is also used when the transmission signal . Today, by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology , can make good use of multimode optical fiber through a high frequency band region , under conditions of use of the same fiber optic patch cable type, transmission using high frequency band signal through region greatly improved multi-mode fiber transmission capacity.

1.4 Source Injection Method

In actual use, the multimode fiber coupled laser and the following methods:

Bias injection: In order to avoid the deterioration of these lasers is injected directly into the bandwidth MMF appears, use the mode regulator
Connection (MCP Mode Conditioning Patch Cable), the laser output is coupled into a multimode fiber. Connection-mode regulator is a short Single Mode Fiber Cable, one end of which is coupled with the laser and the other end coupled to a multimode optical fiber. SMF output spot detouring from the multimode fiber axis at a distance, allowing the deviation from the range is 17 ~ 24μm, the aim is to avoid the center of the refractive index depression, but do not deviate too far, only one group is selectively lower-order mode excitation .

Centre injection: ideal for the refractive index profile, there is no central depression MMF can be used instead of the center of the injection molding
Regulator connection. The advantage of this is that the bandwidth of the laser can effectively improve the MMF to reduce the complexity of the network system and reduce system cost, a current-mode regulator 80 to the connection of approximately U.S. $ 100. Corning launched InfiniCor CL 1000 (62.5μm core diameter) and InfiniCor CL 2000 (50μm core diameter) is Gigabit Ethernet 1300nm wavelength laser directly into the mode without adjusting the first multi-connection mode fiber.

The Knowledge Of Fiber Optic Cables

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The Basics Knowledge Of Fiber Optic Cables

1.1 What is Fiber Optic Calbe?

The fiber optic cable mainly consist of a protective plastic sleeve and plastic sheath structure, no internal cable gold, silver, copper and aluminum and other metals, usually no recycling value. Fiber Patch Cables is a certain amount of the composition according to a certain way of cable core, outsourcing has a jacket, and some also cover the outer sheath to achieve a communication line optical signal transmission. It is the optical fiber cable (optical transmission medium) after the formation of a certain process.

1.2 The factors that affect fiber performance and lifetime

A) Stress: Causes fiber breaks or attenuation increases
B) Water and moisture: the fiber is easy to break (brittle), the impact of life
C) Hydrogen (pressure): the role of a fiber having a hydrogen pressure of mutated fiber attenuation curve of the absorption peak at 1240nm, 1310nm, and the attenuation significantly increased at a wavelength of 1550nm.

1.3 Classification of fiber optic cable

A) By fiber optic cable in the state in points: tight structure, loose structure, semi-loose semi-tight structure
B) By the cable core structure: central tube, Stranded, skeleton, Mode Conditioning Patch Cable, MPO Fiber cable.
C) By the conditions of the cable laying: aerial, pipeline, buried and underwater fiber optic cable
D) By the condition of the use of fiber optic cable with the different types: Single Mode Fiber Patch Cable, Multimode Fiber Cable.
E) By the Environment occasion of using fiber cable: outdoor cables, indoor cables.

1.4 The basic properties of fiber optic cable

Transmission characteristics of the cable depends on the coated fiber. Mechanical properties of the fiber optic cable requirements and environmental characteristics determined by the conditions of use. After the cable production out of the main items of these features, such as tension, pressure, torsion, bending, shock, vibration and temperature, to do routine testing in accordance with national standards. Finished cable is generally required to give the following characteristics, parameters of these characteristics can be analyzed to calculate the empirical formula, here we only briefly qualitative description.

1) The characteristics of Tensile properties

Maximum tension cable can withstand depends reinforcement material and cross-sectional area, generally require more than 1km cable weight, most cable at 100 ~ 400kg range.

2) The characteristics of Pressure

Side cable can withstand the maximum pressure depends on the material and structure of the sheath, most of the cable can withstand the maximum pressure side 100 ~ 400kg/10cm.

3) Bending properties

The main characteristics of bending depends on the material and structure of the core, the cladding and the relative refractive index difference cable. Practical minimum bend radius optical fiber is generally 20 ~ 50mm, the minimum cable bend radius is generally 200 ~ 500mm, equal to or greater than the minimum bend radius of the fiber. Under the above conditions, the fiber of optical radiation caused by the additional loss can be ignored, if less than the minimum bending radius, the additional loss increased dramatically.

4) Temperature properties

Fiber itself has good temperature characteristics. Cable temperature characteristics of design choice and depends on the configuration of the cable material, the temperature characteristics optical fiber which use of secondary coated loose tube cable is better. When the temperature changes, the optical fiber loss increases, primarily due to the cable material (plastic) than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fiber material (quartz) 2 ~ 3 orders of magnitude, in the thermal expansion or shrinkage process, the fiber produced by the stress. In China, the use of temperature requirements for fiber optic cable, usually in the low-temperature region of -40 ℃ ~ +40 ℃, high temperature region is -5 ℃ ~ +60 ℃.

1.5 Cable moisture measures

A) Radial waterproof – fiber cream and jelly filled cables, metal belt longitudinally, PE jacket

B) Axial waterproof – fiber cables cream and cream filling, water blocking ring, waterproof tape, water blocking yarn, single core strengthening

Know more knowledge of fiber optic cables, you can go to fs.com. fs.com is leading manufacturer and supplier of fiber optic cable products such as fiber optic patch cables, MPO Fiber cable, fiber optic pigtails, fiber optic attenuators, fiber optic connectors, fiber optic adapters, fiber optic transceivers and much more. Every product manufactured by us, is put through stringent quality control standards and procedures to provide only premium quality product to the client. As such our fiber optic patch cords are guaranteed to meet and also go beyond the expectations of the customers.

FAQ In Fiber Optic Cabling

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Firstly, do choose multimode or single mode fiber? What is the difference between them?

In general, the user requests the fiber transmission distance is relatively short, such as a few hundred meters, can be Multimode Fiber Optic Cable. However, if the transmission distance has several kilometers, even further, without the use of signal repeaters must be single-mode fiber.

Secondly,  Do choose 4 core, 6 core, 8 core or more core Fiber Optic Patch Cables?

Fiber complete the transfer task, it must receive at least one first serve two core. In fact, there are 4,6,8 or more optical fiber core, the core can be used as extra backup, you can do more transmission channels.

Thirdly,  Does use wall or rack-mounted fiber optic patch panel cable box?

Wall fiber boxes are generally used in small fiber-optic network, for example, a 4-core optical fiber, but if there is more number of fiber optic, it shows the advantages of rack patch panel. It can be placed inside the routers and switches with a cabinet for easy centralized management and more secure.

And then, What is the connector type of FC,SC,ST,LC,MTRJ, and Which one can be choose?

These different interfaces have used in different environments, they differ mainly in the method and shape connection, is it the same as the screws tighten or direct card? Is square or round? Large or small mouth opening (mouth relatively large place occupied by a small mouth can have greater port density)? Two heads separately or synthetic one? Users need not be too concerned about the specific interface, to note that if the extension already exists in the case of older fiber optic systems, you have to match each job.

Finally, Is the choice of the center beam tube or Stranded cable?

Central tube Fiber Optic Cable placed in the center portion of the cable core, many of the core tube synthesis bunch shape, and the outer cable surrounding two wires placed in parallel to ensure tensile strength.

The central part of Stranded cable strengthen stereotypes core fiber. Fiber core surrounded by a peripheral that strengthen the core, many cores together to form the shape layer by layer.

How to identify fiber optic, is single mode or multimode fiber?

The first is a relatively simple method for indoor fiber, it can be identified by single-mode fiber and multimode fiber external color, Single Mode Fiber Cable is yellow, Multimode Fiber Optic Cable is red. Including Fiber optic patch cords and Fiber pigtails are the same recognition.

For MPO Fiber, generally can be identified by model code, there are a bunch of characters on the cable sheath, such GYXTW-4-A1a, the last paragraph begins with A on behalf of the multi-mode fiber, beginning with B represents a multi-mode fiber, a little more detail, A1a representing 50/125 multimode fiber specifications, A1b representatives 62.5/125 multimode fiber specifications, B1.1 representatives of non-dispersion shifted single-mode fiber and so on.

If this way can not be identified single mode fiber or multimode fiber, it is only through a special device to identify, as fiber splicing machine, it will automatically recognize the single mode or multimode fiber, single mode will show SM, multi-mode will show MM.

The Basic Knowledge of Optical Fiber and Pigtail

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How do fiber optic work?

Optical fiber communications composed of thin glass by the plastic protective overcoat layer. Glass essentially consists of two parts: the core diameter of 9 to 62.5μm, a low refractive index outer cladding diameter of 125μm glass material. Although according to the different materials
used, there are some other types of fiber, but is mentioned here that the most common types. Light in the core portion of the fiber to the “total internal reflection” mode transmission, but also refers to the light entering end of the fiber, the interface between the core and the cladding reflected back and forth, and then transmitted to the other end of the fiber. Core diameter of 62.5μm, outer cladding diameter of 125μm fiber called 62.5/125μm fiber.

What is the difference between multimode and single-mode fiber?

Multimode Fiber Optic Patch Cables

Almost all of the Multimode Fiber Optic Patch Cables dimensions are 50/125μm or 62.5/125μm, and the bandwidth (the amount of information transmission fiber) is usually 200MHz to 2GHz. Multimode optical transceiver via multimode fiber can be up to 5 km of transmission. In the light emitting diode or a laser light source.

Single Mode Fiber Cable

The size of Single Mode Fiber Cable 9-10/125μm, and compared with a multimode optical fiber, it has unlimited bandwidth and low loss characteristics. The single mode optical transceiver used for long-distance transmission, and sometimes up to 150-200 km. Using a narrow spectral line LD or LED as a light source.

Single mode fiber is cheap, but compared to multi mode fiber device, it is more expensive. Single-mode devices typically can run on single mode fiber, but also be run on a multi mode fiber, and multimode device only runs on multimode fiber.

How is the loss with using of the Fiber Optic Patch Cables?

It depends on the the wavelength of the transmitted light and the kind of optical fiber

When 850nm wavelengths for multimode fiber: 3.0 dB / km
When 1310nm wavelength for multimode fiber: 1.0 dB / km
When 1310nm wavelength for single mode fiber: 0.4 dB / km
When 1550nm wavelength for single mode fiber: 0.1 dB / km

Fiber Optic Pigtails

Fiber Optic Pigtails ony has one end connector, and the other end is an optical fiber core breakage, by fusion connected with other core cable, often appear in the fiber optic terminal box for connecting cable and fiber optic transceivers.

Fiber optic pigtails devide into multimode and singlemode fiber pigtails. Multimode fiber pigtail is orange and wavelength of 850nm, the transmission distance of 500m, for short-range connectivity. Single mode fiber pigtail is yellow, there are two wavelengths, 1310nm and 1550nm, transmission distance of 10km and 40km.

Fiber optic pigtail connector was devided into single mode and multimode by the mode of fiber optic cable; By overall structure can be divided into FC, SC, ST, MU, LC, F25, etc. By the end structures can be devided into PC、UPC、APC.

Here are some fiber optic pigtails products in fs.com, as shown in figure:

Multimode LC/SC/ST/FC Pigtail

Multimode LC/SC/ST/FC Pigtail

ingle-mode LC/SC/ST/FC Bunch Pigtail

Our fs.com provide wide degree flexibility on fiber pigtails, including 9/125 single-mode, 62.5/125 multimode 50/125 multimode and 10G 50/125um OM3 types, simplex fiber, 4 fibers, 6 fibers, 8 fibers, 12 fibers, 24 fibers, 48 fibers and so on.These fiber pigtails can be with fan-out kits and full compliant to Telcordia, EIA/TIA and IEC standards. Welcome to our store to know more information.

Development and Benefits of Multi Core Single Mode Fiber

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1. The development of multi core single mode fiber

A typical optical fiber is single mode fiber structure, the outer cladding / inner cladding surrounding the core constitutes a waveguide. A common multi core single mode fiber includes a number of cores, and each core has their own single mode optical fiber inner cladding. Thus, each core is a fiber optic of the waveguide, i.e., one single mode fiber optic cable’s function is equal to a plurality of single core fiber. The obvious advantage of this fiber is low cost, low production costs of about 50% compared with ordinary fiber. In addition, Fiber optic cables can increase integration density, but also can reduce construction costs. Back in the late 1970s, foreigner proposed the idea which uses multi-core optical fiber manufacturing high density fiber. However, because of the imperfect manufacturing technology, fiber affected by the residual stress, low mechanical strength, poor reliability, has not developed into practical and commercialization. Into the 1990s, fiber optic communication in the FTTH ( fiber to the home ) development has encountered higher cost of obstacles, and the intense competition in the copper. To overcome this obstacle, we must significantly reduce the cost of fiber optic cable manufacturing, and requires the development of high-density large armored fiber optic cable, in order to facilitate the laying of fiber optic cable and reducing installation costs. Thus, in 1994, France Telecom proposed a new concept of multi core single mode fiber and design a 4 core fiber optic cable. In July 1994 made more than 100 kilometers Single Mode Fiber Cable, and use different core and structures fiber optic cables and non-fiber ribbon cable into the cable experiment. Compared with the common Single Mode Fiber, the cable density increase many times. Initially confirmed that the proposed multi core single mode fiber can reduce manufacturing costs while addressing the fiber optic cable and the development of high- density optical fiber optic cable. Since then, France Telecom and Alcatel have carried out a 4 core single mode optical fiber research and development , studied from optical design, perform manufacture, drawing techniques, optical properties, a 4-pin cable, and mechanical connections from each a core of separation and termination of ordinary single mode fiber and other aspects of a comprehensive. Currently, the cost per meter per core for $ 0.03, while the cost per meter of ordinary single mode fiber is $ 0.055. We can say that multi-core single mode fiber forward practical development. This article focuses on the structure of multi-core single mode optical fiber design, manufacturing processes, and fiber properties, but also a brief introduction to the new fiber optic FTTH applications in the technical and economic advantages.

2. Design of multi core single mode fiber

To meet the needs of FTTH systems. The design of multi-core fiber should meet the following key requirements: 1.31 um and 1.55um wavelength dual-window work; Crosstalk between each core is greater than -35 dB: precise geometry; Easy identification of each core and ordinary Single mode Fiber Optic Cable. Further, since the optical fiber length shorter in FTTH network (≤ l0 km), so the requirements for dispersion and attenuation of the fiber is relatively relaxed, there are strict requirements on bending and micro bending losses. Each of the core is respectively located on the vertices of a square, the center of the square is the central axis of the multi core single mode fiber. Each core is a single mode optical fiber waveguide, cutoff wavelength 1.3 um. In order to reduce the bending loss and crosstalk, reinforce fiber molded capacity constraints, therefore compared with the conventional G652 optical fiber, the refractive index difference has increased. 3 core is a simple step structure, a refractive index difference 0.0062; another annular core refractive index profile, the refractive index difference 0.0l, this core is provided in order to facilitate identification of each of the cores.

The main advantage of multi core Single Mode Fiber Cable

1. Attenuation coefficient

By the testing and research of nearly 200km long fiber, the attenuation coefficient of the multi core single mode optical fiber reached levels close to the corresponding single core fiber.

2. Bending and micro-bending loss characteristics

Bending and micro bending loss characteristics of the multi-core single mode fiber optic are good, negligible additional loss introduced. This is due to the higher refractive index and limits the ability of a strong mold. Multi core single mode fiber optic in the l310nm and 1550nm wavelength mode field diameter was 8.4 ± 0.21un and 9.75 ± 0.25um, slightly smaller than the ordinary single mode optical fiber.

3. Crosstalk characteristics

To 30 g of tension around 15 cm in diameter optical fiber on ferrule l0 km optical fiber with characteristic measurement, crosstalk between each core at l 310 nm wavelength, less than-70dB; at 1 550 nm wavelength, less than a 50 dB, are excellent -35 dB in the required index. Even slim to the 30 km, between 0-30g tension variations, changes, crosstalk is also only a few dB.

4. Mechanical strength

With 10m length test, the average intensity of 70N. The conventional 125um fiber diameter of 60 N, it is because of a large cross-sectional area of multi-core single mode fiber. Fracture stress 4.6 GPa, 94% for the conventional 125 um diameter fiber.

Several Digital Video Multiplexers Types from FiberStore

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As we know, a fiber optic multiplexer is a device that processes two or more light signals through a single optical fiber. It is introduced as an effective solutions to a fiber’s transmission capacity using different techniques and light source technologies. By using a multiplexer, media or data signals can be forwarded further, more securely with less electromagnetic and radio frequency interference.

The so called WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) utilizes the total available pass band of an optical fiber. It assigns individual information streams into separate wavelengths, or portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Frequency and wavelengths can be regarded as the same concept. The only difference is the frequency is typically used to describe the radio carriers. Frequency division multiplexing assigns each signal a distinctive frequency.

Digital video multiplexer is a typical fiber optic multiplexing devices for video and data signal’s fiber optic transmission. Digital video technology emerged as the ultimate facilitator of surveillance needs and has played an important role in the security area, that enables flexible, real-time, highly manageable and tunable solutions. Digital video multiplexer combined with this one-up digital uncompressed technology with WDM technology, make it possible to extend video and data service up to 100km distance simultaneously through one single fiber, and get the real-time high-definition video on the receiver side. This device is usually used for security application to control and monitor video cameras signals in airports, train station and public hotspots.

FiberStore fiber optic digital video multiplexer adopt the advanced international digital video and coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) technology, these multiplexers can transmit from 1 channel video & audio & data channel to max 64 channel signals in different optical distances. These video multiplexer are single mode and multimode fiber type with multichannel track mount or standard units. Insert card version is also available, which can be inserted into our 16-slot, 19inch 2U or 4U rack-mountable card cage for 10-digit coding and non-compression video transmission. Typical fiber ports of these multiplexer are FC, SC or ST, interfaces are RS232, RS422 or RS485, which can be customized by users for actual demand.

Now, in the following text, let’s overview FiberStore four types of digital video multiplexers: Video multiplexers, video & audio multiplexers, video & data multiplexers, video & audio & data multiplexers.

1-64 Channel Video Multiplexers

Video multiplexers are built on Coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) and can encodes multi-channels video signals and convert them to optical signals to transmit on optical fibers. It handled several video signals simultaneously, and can also provide simultaneous display and playback features. We provide video multiplexers in different channels such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 64 channels. They are available in both color and black and white video multiplexers, digital video multiplexers and processors. With a video multiplexer, users can record their combined signals on the VCR or wherever else they want to record. Our video multiplexer help users built a cost effective network system with the best process control and quality assurance.

Digital multiplexer has two VCR IN connections and two VCR OUT connections. There is one pair of VCR IN/OUT 4-pin DINI connectors (Y/C) and one couple with BNC connections (composite video). The VCR IN connectors is used to connect the multiplexer to a VCR which will be used to playback recorded images. Connect the Video OUT connector on a VCR to one of the VCR IN connectors on the multiplexer. The VCR OUT connectors are used to connect the digital multiplexer to a VCR which will be used to record video. Connect the Video IN connector on a VCR to one of the VCR OUT connectors on the multiplexer.

Video Data Multiplexers
Video data multiplexers are based on digital video technology to provide fiber optic transmission of video and return or bidirectional data signals in demanding environments. They can provide highly reliable data transmission and expandable data capacity over fiber optic cables up to a few tens of kilometers. The video data multiplexers simultaneously transmit multi-channel 8-bit digitally encoded broadcast quality video over one multimode or single mode optical fiber.

This module is directly compatible with NTSC, AL, or SECAM CCTV camera systems and support RS-485, RS-422, and RS-232 data protocols. These muxes are typically used with cameras that have PTZ capability. The plug and play design ensures adjustment-free installation and operation. LED indicators are provided for instant monitoring system status.

We supply video & data multiplexer in channels includes 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 channel. Typical installation utilizes the transmitter unit at the camera end of the link, and connects via a single fiber optic cable, to a receiver unit at the monitoring end of the link. These Video & Data multiplexers are suitable for concentration management in 1U/2U/4U Racks, and we also can supply the rack chassis for you.

Video & Audio Multiplexers
Video and Audio Multiplexer combines digital video with digital audio to form the embedded signal. It has optical remote monitoring capabilities so that operation can be controlled remotely. The audio video multiplexer can simultaneously transmit 1-64 channels of 8-bit digital encoded broadcast quality video/unidirectional or bidirectional audio signals over multimode or single mode optical fiber. These multiplexers are used in applications where the cameras have P/T/Z capabilities.

We supply video & Audio multiplexer in different channels such as 1, 2, 4, 16 channels, they are ideal for applications of security monitoring and control, highway, electronic policy, automation, intelligent residential districts and so on.

Video & Audio & Data Multiplexers
Video & Audio & Data Multiplexers transmit 1-64 channels of 8-bit digitally encoded broadcast quality video / return or bidirectional data / unidirectional or bidirectional audio over one multimode or single-mode optical fiber. These multiplexers are used in applications where the cameras have P/T/Z capabilities. With Plug and Play design, it can convert, integrate, groom and multiplex multiple video/audio/data streams effortlessly.

The Video & Data & Audio Multiplexers are ideal for a wide range of multiplexing and remultiplexing applications including Broadcast /Studio, CCTV audio and Professional AV applications.

FiberStore is a leading global supplier of telecommunications solutions for the electric utility, pipeline, transportation and industrial applications. This powerful family of optical multiplexers permits consolidation of all telecommunications requirements into a single, integrated network.

Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier for DWDM Systems

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DWDM EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) is a key component in DWDM network systems. It uses an optical supervisory channel power adjustment and extends the power link budget for long distance DWDM communication systems. As the operating bandwidth of the EDFA has 30nm, it can zoom back of a plurality of different wavelength optical signals, and so it can be very conveniently used in DWDM systems to compensate for various optical attenuation.
With gain flattening filter, DWDM EDFA offers constant flat gain for multi-channel DWDM systems. It works at C-band or L-band, integrates electric driver, remote control, temperature control, and alarm circuits all together in a small package. It has assembled up to three pump lasers to meet the different output power levels required by DWDM systems and protect the pump failure.

FiberStore provides 40 channel BA Module DWDM EDFA. This product is spectrum flat EDFA for DWDM system. It offers high optical gain, low noise figure and high saturation optical power which are fully integrated with various kinds of DWDM systems. This DWDM EDFA has perfect network interfaces including one Ethernet RJ45 port, one RS232 port and two RS485 ports. And the open mib ensure the connectivity with all other network management system. Click here for the DWDM EDFA price.


FiberStore DWDM EDFA Features

1. Low noise figure with typical 4.5dB and high flatness with typical 1dB

2. Covers whole C-band and carries 40 or 80 channels

3. Redundancy hot swap power module with 110/220V AC and 48V DC can plug mix

5. Supports telnet and SNMP network management

6. Gain can be adjustable by network and manual

7. High precise AGC (automatic gain control) and ATC (automatic temperature control) circuits
8. High saturation output power

9. Flexible mechanics and circuit structures (Module, 1U Rack and Gain Block)

10. OEM is available and fully compatible with Telecordia GR-1312-CORE

FiberStore DWDM EDFA Functions

1. A 5V OLT 25W ATT power supply with input protection and output filtering. It is necessary to monitor the current supplied to the EDFA (this gives a measure of the aging of the device) and desirable to monitor the voltage.

2. Drive two digital input lines which control the gain of the DWDM EDFA.

3. Monitor two analog outputs which measure the input and output optical amplifier power levels.

4. Communicate with the EDFA serial port which is RS232 protocol but at TTL levels. (This allows more detailed health monitoring and setting of operating conditions that is possible using only the digital signals.)

5. Communicate with a LMA monitor and control bus. The controller is a circuit card 40mm wide by 220mm high.