How To Install and Test the Fiber Optic Cables

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In the telecommunications industry today, how to install the fiber optics that each optical engineer must learn in their work. Don’t froget, when you install the fiber optics, you must testing your fiber optic system. Optical-fiber testing is one of the final and most important procedures in installing optical networks.

How to install the fiber optic cable?

Fiber optic cable may be installed indoors or outdoors using several different installation processes. Outdoor cable may be direct buried, pulled or blown into conduit or innerduct, or installed aerially between poles. Indoor cables can be installed in raceways, cable trays,placed in hangers, pulled into conduit or innerduct or blown though special ducts with compressed gas. The installation process will depend on the nature of the installation and the type of cable being used. Installation methods for both wire and optical fiber communications cables are similar. Fiber cable is designed to be pulled with much greater force than copper wire if pulled correctly, but excess stress may harm the fibers, potentially causing eventual failure.

The install fiber optic cable tips:

a) Follow the cable manufacturer’s recommendations. Fiber optic cable is often custom-designed for the installation and the manufacturer may have specific instructions on its installation.
b) Check the cable length to make sure the cable being pulled is long enough for the run to prevent having to splice fiber and provide special protection for the splices.
c) Try to complete the installation in one pull. Prior to any installation, assess the route carefully to determine the methods of installation and obstacles likely to be encountered.

Testing fiber optic cables steps:

After installation, test each fiber in all fiber optic cables for verification of proper installation. Perform the following tests:
a) Continuity testing to determine that the fiber routing and/or polarization is correct and documentation is proper.
b) End-to-end insertion loss using an OLTS power meter and source. Test multimode cables by using TIA/EIA 526-14 Method B, and single-mode cables using TIA/EIA 526-7 (single-mode). Total loss shall be less than the calculated maximum loss for the cable based on appropriate standards or customer specifications.
c) Optional OTDR testing may be used to verify cable installation and splice performance. However, OTDR testing shall not be used to determine cable loss.
d) If the design documentation does not include cable plant length, and this is not recorded during installation, test the length of the fiber using the length feature available on an OTDR, or some OLTSs.
e) If testing shows variances from expected losses troubleshoot the problems and correct them.

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